Isaiah 24:1 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ
Who acts: LORD · What happens: make, turn, scatter · To what, where: earth, inhabitants
This is Isaiah 24:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD — and what happens in the verse to earth, inhabitants, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
הִנֵּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה בּוֹקֵ֥ק הָאָ֖רֶץ וּבֽוֹלְקָ֑הּ וְעִוָּ֣ה פָנֶ֔יהָ וְהֵפִ֖יץ יֹשְׁבֶֽיהָ׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | הִנֵּ֧ה | הִנֵּה | INTJ | _ | 3 בּוֹקֵ֥ק | discourse | here! |
| 2 | יְהוָ֛ה | יהוה | PROPN | _ | 3 בּוֹקֵ֥ק | nsubj | Yahweh |
| 3 | בּוֹקֵ֥ק | בָּקַק | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing | root | root | [is] about to lay waste |
| 4 | הָ | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 5 אָ֖רֶץ | det | the |
| 5 | אָ֖רֶץ | אֶרֶץ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 בּוֹקֵ֥ק | obj | earth |
| 6 | וּ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 7 בֽוֹלְק | cc | and |
| 7 | בֽוֹלְק | בָּלַק | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing | 3 בּוֹקֵ֥ק | conj | [he |
| 8 | ָ֑הּ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 בֽוֹלְק | obj | is] about to devastate it |
| 9 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 10 עִוָּ֣ה | cc | and |
| 10 | עִוָּ֣ה | עָוָה | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3 | 3 בּוֹקֵ֥ק | conj | he will twist |
| 11 | פָנֶ֔י | פָּנֶה | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 עִוָּ֣ה | obj | surface |
| 12 | הָ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 פָנֶ֔י | nmod:poss | its |
| 13 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 14 הֵפִ֖יץ | cc | and |
| 14 | הֵפִ֖יץ | פּוּץ | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3 | 10 עִוָּ֣ה | conj | he will scatter |
| 15 | יֹשְׁבֶֽי | יָשַׁב | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur | 14 הֵפִ֖יץ | obj | inhabitants |
| 16 | הָ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 יֹשְׁבֶֽי | nmod:poss | its |
| 17 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 16 הָ | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| בּוֹקֵק [is] about to lay waste | participle active · qal | יְהוָה Yahweh | אָרֶץ earth | ||
| בֽוֹלְק [he | participle active · qal | יְהוָה Yahweh | ָהּ is] about to devastate it | ||
| עִוָּה he will twist | weqatal · piel | יְהוָה Yahweh | פָנֶי surface | ||
| הֵפִיץ he will scatter | weqatal · hiphil | יֹשְׁבֶֽי inhabitants | יְהוָה Yahweh |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Jonathan
הָא יְיָ מַבֵּיז אַרְעָא וּמְסַר לָהּ לְסָנְאָה וְתַחְפֵּי בַהֲתָא אַפֵּי רַבְרְבָהָא עַל דַעֲבַרוּ עַל אוֹרַיְתָא וִיבַדַר יַת דְיָתְבִין בָּהּ:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:441.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.24.1/