Isaiah 24:20 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: earth, transgression · What happens: reel, sway, be, fall, not rise

This is Isaiah 24:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — earth, transgression — and what happens in the verse, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

נ֣וֹעַ תָּנ֤וּעַ אֶ֙רֶץ֙ כַּשִּׁכּ֔וֹר וְהִֽתְנוֹדְדָ֖ה כַּמְּלוּנָ֑ה וְכָבַ֤ד עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ פִּשְׁעָ֔הּ וְנָפְלָ֖ה וְלֹא־תֹסִ֥יף קֽוּם׃ס

The earth reeleth to and fro like a drunken man, and swayeth to and fro as a lodge; and the transgression thereof is heavy upon it, and it shall fall, and not rise again.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	נ֣וֹעַ	נוּעַ	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	2 תָּנ֤וּעַ	obl:npmod	wildly (stagger)
2	תָּנ֤וּעַ	נוּעַ	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it will stagger
3	אֶ֙רֶץ֙	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 תָּנ֤וּעַ	nsubj	[the] earth
4	כַּ	כְּ	ADP	_	6 שִּׁכּ֔וֹר	case	like
5	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 שִּׁכּ֔וֹר	det	(the)
6	שִּׁכּ֔וֹר	שִׁכֹּור	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 תָּנ֤וּעַ	obl	drunkard
7	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	8 הִֽתְנוֹדְדָ֖ה	cc	and
8	הִֽתְנוֹדְדָ֖ה	נוּד	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=HITHPOLEL Number=Sing Person=3	2 תָּנ֤וּעַ	conj	it will sway
9	כַּ	כְּ	ADP	_	11 מְּלוּנָ֑ה	case	like
10	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	11 מְּלוּנָ֑ה	det	(the)
11	מְּלוּנָ֑ה	מְלוּנָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	8 הִֽתְנוֹדְדָ֖ה	obl	hut
12	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 כָבַ֤ד	cc	and
13	כָבַ֤ד	כָּבֵד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 תָּנ֤וּעַ	conj	it will be heavy
14	עָלֶ֙י	עַל	ADP	_	15 הָ֙	case	on
15	הָ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 כָבַ֤ד	obl	it
16	פִּשְׁע	פֶּשַׁע	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 כָבַ֤ד	nsubj	transgression
17	ָ֔הּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 פִּשְׁע	nmod:poss	its
18	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	19 נָפְלָ֖ה	cc	and
19	נָפְלָ֖ה	נָפַל	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 תָּנ֤וּעַ	conj	it will fall
20	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	22 תֹסִ֥יף	cc	and
21	לֹא־	לֹא	ADV	_	22 תֹסִ֥יף	advmod	not
22	תֹסִ֥יף	יָסַף	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	2 תָּנ֤וּעַ	conj	it will repeat
23	קֽוּם	קוּם	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	22 תֹסִ֥יף	obj	to rise
24	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	23 קֽוּם	punct
25	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	23 קֽוּם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	who makes it happen (AA)
תָּנוּעַ it will stagger	yiqtol · qal	אֶרֶץ [the] earth
הִֽתְנוֹדְדָה it will sway	weqatal · hithpolel	אֶרֶץ [the] earth
כָבַד it will be heavy	weqatal · qal	פִּשְׁע transgression
נָפְלָה it will fall	weqatal · qal	אֶרֶץ [the] earth
not תֹסִיף it will repeat	yiqtol · hiphil	קֽוּם to rise	אֶרֶץ [the] earth
קֽוּם to rise	infinitive construct · qal	אֶרֶץ [the] earth

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

אִשְׁתְּדָאָה תִּשְׁתְּדֵי אַרְעָא כְּרַוְיָא וּתְהֵי אַזְלָא וְאַתְיָא כְּעַרְסְלָא וְיִתְקְפוּן עֲלָהּ חוֹבָהָא וְתִפּוֹל וְלָא תוֹסִיף לְמֵקָם:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

The earth reeleth to and fro like a drunken man, and swayeth to and fro as a lodge; and the transgression thereof is heavy upon it, and it shall fall, and not rise again.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:460.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.24.20/