Isaiah 30:28 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: breath, overflowing stream, bridle · What happens: be, divide, sift, cause, err · To what, where: nations, jaws

This is Isaiah 30:28 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — breath, overflowing stream, bridle — and what happens in the verse to nations, jaws, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְרוּח֞וֹ כְּנַ֤חַל שׁוֹטֵף֙ עַד־צַוָּ֣אר יֶֽחֱצֶ֔ה לַהֲנָפָ֥ה גוֹיִ֖ם בְּנָ֣פַת שָׁ֑וְא וְרֶ֣סֶן מַתְעֶ֔ה עַ֖ל לְחָיֵ֥י עַמִּֽים׃

And His breath is as an overflowing stream, that divideth even unto the neck, to sift the nations with the sieve of destruction; and a bridle that causeth to err shall be in the jaws of the peoples.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	5 נַ֤חַל	cc	and
2	רוּח	רוּחַ	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 נַ֤חַל	nsubj	breath
3	֞וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 רוּח	nmod:poss	his
4	כְּ	כְּ	ADP	_	5 נַ֤חַל	case	[is] like
5	נַ֤חַל	נַחַל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	root	root	a torrent
6	שׁוֹטֵף֙	שָׁטַף	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	5 נַ֤חַל	nmod	overflowing
7	עַד־	עַד	ADP	_	8 צַוָּ֣אר	case	to
8	צַוָּ֣אר	צַוָּאר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 יֶֽחֱצֶ֔ה	obl	[the] neck
9	יֶֽחֱצֶ֔ה	חָצָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	5 נַ֤חַל	parataxis	it reaches
10	לַ	לְ	ADP	_	11 הֲנָפָ֥ה	case	for
11	הֲנָפָ֥ה	הֲנָפָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	9 יֶֽחֱצֶ֔ה	obl	shaking
12	גוֹיִ֖ם	גּוֹי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	11 הֲנָפָ֥ה	compound:smixut	nations
13	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	14 נָ֣פַת	case	in
14	נָ֣פַת	נָפָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	9 יֶֽחֱצֶ֔ה	obl	a sieve
15	שָׁ֑וְא	שָׁוְא	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 נָ֣פַת	compound:smixut	of worthlessness
16	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 לְחָיֵ֥י	cc	and
17	רֶ֣סֶן	רֶסֶן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	20 לְחָיֵ֥י	nsubj	a halter
18	מַתְעֶ֔ה	תָּעָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing	17 רֶ֣סֶן	nmod	[which] misleads
19	עַ֖ל	עַל	ADP	_	20 לְחָיֵ֥י	case	on
20	לְחָיֵ֥י	לְחִי	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 נַ֤חַל	conj	[the] jaws
21	עַמִּֽים	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	20 לְחָיֵ֥י	compound:smixut	of peoples
22	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	21 עַמִּֽים	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	who makes it happen (AA)
שׁוֹטֵף overflowing	participle active · qal	נַחַל a torrent
יֶֽחֱצֶה it reaches	yiqtol · qal	נַחַל a torrent
מַתְעֶה [which] misleads	participle active · hiphil	עַמִּֽים of peoples	רֶסֶן a halter

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּמֵימְרֵהּ כְּנַחַל מַגְבַּר עַד צַוָאר תַּקִיפִין יִקְטֵיל לַאֲרָמָא עַמְמַיָא בְּרָמוּת רֵיקָנוּ וּזְמָם דְטָעוּ בְּלִיסַת עַמְמַיָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And His breath is as an overflowing stream, that divideth even unto the neck, to sift the nations with the sieve of destruction; and a bridle that causeth to err shall be in the jaws of the peoples.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:590.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.30.28/