Isaiah 34:9 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: land · What happens: turn, become, burn · To what, where: streams, pitch, burning pitch

This is Isaiah 34:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — land — and what happens in the verse to streams, pitch, burning pitch, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְנֶהֶפְכ֤וּ נְחָלֶ֙יהָ֙ לְזֶ֔פֶת וַעֲפָרָ֖הּ לְגָפְרִ֑ית וְהָיְתָ֣ה אַרְצָ֔הּ לְזֶ֖פֶת בֹּעֵרָֽה׃

And the streams thereof shall be turned into pitch, and the dust thereof into brimstone, and the land thereof shall become burning pitch.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 נֶהֶפְכ֤וּ	cc	and
2	נֶהֶפְכ֤וּ	הָפַךְ	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they will be changed
3	נְחָלֶ֙י	נַחַל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 נֶהֶפְכ֤וּ	nsubj	torrents
4	הָ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 נְחָלֶ֙י	nmod:poss	its
5	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	6 זֶ֔פֶת	case	into
6	זֶ֔פֶת	זֶפֶת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	2 נֶהֶפְכ֤וּ	obl	pitch
7	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	8 עֲפָר	cc	and
8	עֲפָר	עָפָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 נֶהֶפְכ֤וּ	conj	dust
9	ָ֖הּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 עֲפָר	nmod:poss	its
10	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	11 גָפְרִ֑ית	case	into
11	גָפְרִ֑ית	גׇּפְרִית	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	8 עֲפָר	obl	sulfur
12	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	17 זֶ֖פֶת	cc	and
13	הָיְתָ֣ה	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	17 זֶ֖פֶת	cop	it will become
14	אַרְצ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 זֶ֖פֶת	nsubj	land
15	ָ֔הּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 אַרְצ	nmod:poss	its
16	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	17 זֶ֖פֶת	case	(into)
17	זֶ֖פֶת	זֶפֶת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	2 נֶהֶפְכ֤וּ	conj	pitch
18	בֹּעֵרָֽה	בָּעַר	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	17 זֶ֖פֶת	nmod	burning
19	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	18 בֹּעֵרָֽה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
נֶהֶפְכוּ they will be changed	weqatal · niphal		נְחָלֶי torrents
הָיְתָה it will become	weqatal · qal	אַרְצ land
בֹּעֵרָֽה burning	participle active · qal	זֶפֶת pitch

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְיִתְהַפְּכוּן נַחֲלָהָא לְזֵפָא וְעַפְרָא לְגוּפְרֵיתָא וּתְהֵי אַרְעָהּ לְזֵפָא בוֹעֵרָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And the streams thereof shall be turned into pitch, and the dust thereof into brimstone, and the land thereof shall become burning pitch.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:657.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.34.9/