Isaiah 40:24 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: stock, judges, whirlwind · What happens: plant, sow, take, blow, wither, take away · To what, where: judges, root, earth

This is Isaiah 40:24 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — stock, judges, whirlwind — and what happens in the verse to judges, root, earth, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

אַ֣ף בַּל־נִטָּ֗עוּ אַ֚ף בַּל־זֹרָ֔עוּ אַ֛ף בַּל־שֹׁרֵ֥שׁ בָּאָ֖רֶץ גִּזְעָ֑ם וְגַם־נָשַׁ֤ף בָּהֶם֙ וַיִּבָ֔שׁוּ וּסְעָרָ֖ה כַּקַּ֥שׁ תִּשָּׂאֵֽם׃ס

Scarce are they planted, scarce are they sown, scarce hath their stock taken root in the earth; when He bloweth upon them, they wither, and the whirlwind taketh them away as stubble.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	אַ֣ף	אַף	ADV	_	3 נִטָּ֗עוּ	advmod	even
2	בַּל־	בַּל	ADV	_	3 נִטָּ֗עוּ	advmod	not
3	נִטָּ֗עוּ	נָטַע	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they have been planted
4	אַ֚ף	אַף	ADV	_	6 זֹרָ֔עוּ	advmod	even
5	בַּל־	בַּל	ADV	_	6 זֹרָ֔עוּ	advmod	not
6	זֹרָ֔עוּ	זָרַע	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=PUAL Number=Plur Person=3	3 נִטָּ֗עוּ	parataxis	they have been sown
7	אַ֛ף	אַף	ADV	_	9 שֹׁרֵ֥שׁ	advmod	even
8	בַּל־	בַּל	ADV	_	9 שֹׁרֵ֥שׁ	advmod	not
9	שֹׁרֵ֥שׁ	שָׁרַשׁ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=POEL Number=Sing Person=3	3 נִטָּ֗עוּ	parataxis	it has taken root
10	בָּ	בְּ	ADP	_	12 אָ֖רֶץ	case	in
11	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	12 אָ֖רֶץ	det	the
12	אָ֖רֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 שֹׁרֵ֥שׁ	obl	ground
13	גִּזְע	גֶּזַע	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 שֹׁרֵ֥שׁ	nsubj	rootstock
14	ָ֑ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 גִּזְע	nmod:poss	their
15	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	17 נָשַׁ֤ף	cc	and
16	גַם־	גַּם	ADV	_	17 נָשַׁ֤ף	advmod	also
17	נָשַׁ֤ף	נָשַׁף	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	3 נִטָּ֗עוּ	conj	he blows
18	בּ	בְּ	ADP	_	19 ָהֶם֙	case	on
19	ָהֶם֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 נָשַׁ֤ף	obl	them
20	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	21 יִּבָ֔שׁוּ	cc	and
21	יִּבָ֔שׁוּ	יָבֵשׁ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	3 נִטָּ֗עוּ	conj	they have dried up
22	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	27 תִּשָּׂא	cc	and
23	סְעָרָ֖ה	סְעָרָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	27 תִּשָּׂא	nsubj	a tempest
24	כַּ	כְּ	ADP	_	26 קַּ֥שׁ	case	like
25	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	26 קַּ֥שׁ	det	(the)
26	קַּ֥שׁ	קַשׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	27 תִּשָּׂא	obl	chaff
27	תִּשָּׂא	נָשָׂא	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	3 נִטָּ֗עוּ	conj	it
28	ֵֽם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 תִּשָּׂא	obj	carries them off
29	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	28 ֵֽם	punct
30	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	28 ֵֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
not נִטָּעוּ they have been planted	qatal · niphal
not זֹרָעוּ they have been sown	qatal · pual
not שֹׁרֵשׁ it has taken root	qatal · poel	גִּזְע rootstock
נָשַׁף he blows	qatal · qal
יִּבָשׁוּ they have dried up	wayyiqtol · qal
תִּשָּׂא it	yiqtol · qal	סְעָרָה a tempest	ֵֽם carries them off

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

אֲפִילוּ יִפְשׁוּן אֲפִילוּ יִסְגוּן אֲפִילוּ יִתְרַבּוּן בְּאַרְעָא בְנֵיהוֹן וְאַף רוּגְזֵהּ יְשַׁלַח בְּהוֹן וְיִבְהֲתוּן וּמֵימְרֵהּ כְּעַלְעֵילָא לְקַשָׁא יְדַבֵּר יַתְהוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Scarce are they planted, scarce are they sown, scarce hath their stock taken root in the earth; when He bloweth upon them, they wither, and the whirlwind taketh them away as stubble.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:789.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.40.24/