Isaiah 40:23 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ
Who acts: goldsmith · What happens: bring, make · To what, where: princes, nothing, judges
This is Isaiah 40:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — goldsmith — and what happens in the verse to princes, nothing, judges, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
הַנּוֹתֵ֥ן רוֹזְנִ֖ים לְאָ֑יִן שֹׁ֥פְטֵי אֶ֖רֶץ כַּתֹּ֥הוּ עָשָֽׂה׃
That bringeth princes to nothing; He maketh the judges of the earth as a thing of nought.
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | הַ | הַ | SCONJ | _ | 2 נּוֹתֵ֥ן | mark | the [one |
| 2 | נּוֹתֵ֥ן | נָתַן | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing | root | root | who] appoints |
| 3 | רוֹזְנִ֖ים | רָזַן | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur | 2 נּוֹתֵ֥ן | obj | rulers |
| 4 | לְ | לְ | ADP | _ | 5 אָ֑יִן | case | to |
| 5 | אָ֑יִן | אַיִן | NOUN | _ | 2 נּוֹתֵ֥ן | obl | nothing |
| 6 | שֹׁ֥פְטֵי | שָׁפַט | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur | 11 עָשָֽׂה | obj | judges |
| 7 | אֶ֖רֶץ | אֶרֶץ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 שֹׁ֥פְטֵי | compound:smixut | of [the] earth |
| 8 | כַּ | כְּ | ADP | _ | 10 תֹּ֥הוּ | case | like |
| 9 | ה | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 10 תֹּ֥הוּ | det | (the) |
| 10 | תֹּ֥הוּ | תֹּהוּ | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 11 עָשָֽׂה | obl | nothingness |
| 11 | עָשָֽׂה | עָשָׂה | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 2 נּוֹתֵ֥ן | parataxis | he makes |
| 12 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 11 עָשָֽׂה | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- yes
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| not נּוֹתֵן who] appoints | participle active · qal | רוֹזְנִים rulers | |||
| עָשָֽׂה he makes | qatal · qal | שֹׁפְטֵי judges |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Jonathan
דִמְסַר שִׁלְטוֹנִין לְחוּלְשָׁא דַיָנֵי אַרְעָא כִּלְמָא עֲבֵיד:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:788.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.40.23/