Isaiah 40:22 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: earth, inhabitants · What happens: be, sit, stretch out, spread out, dwell · To what, where: goldsmith, circle, heavens, inhabitants

This is Isaiah 40:22 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — earth, inhabitants — and what happens in the verse to goldsmith, circle, heavens, inhabitants, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

הַיֹּשֵׁב֙ עַל־ח֣וּג הָאָ֔רֶץ וְיֹשְׁבֶ֖יהָ כַּחֲגָבִ֑ים הַנּוֹטֶ֤ה כַדֹּק֙ שָׁמַ֔יִם וַיִּמְתָּחֵ֥ם כָּאֹ֖הֶל לָשָֽׁבֶת׃

It is He that sitteth above the circle of the earth, and the inhabitants thereof are as grasshoppers; that stretcheth out the heavens as a curtain, and spreadeth them out as a tent to dwell in;

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	הַ	הַ	SCONJ	_	2 יֹּשֵׁב֙	mark	the [one
2	יֹּשֵׁב֙	יָשַׁב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	root	root	who] sits
3	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	4 ח֣וּג	case	above
4	ח֣וּג	חוּג	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יֹּשֵׁב֙	obl	the circle
5	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 אָ֔רֶץ	det	of
6	אָ֔רֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 ח֣וּג	compound:smixut	the earth
7	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	11 חֲגָבִ֑ים	cc	and
8	יֹשְׁבֶ֖י	יָשַׁב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	11 חֲגָבִ֑ים	nsubj	inhabitants
9	הָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 יֹשְׁבֶ֖י	nmod:poss	its
10	כַּ	כְּ	ADP	_	11 חֲגָבִ֑ים	case	[are] like
11	חֲגָבִ֑ים	חָגָב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 יֹּשֵׁב֙	conj	grasshoppers
12	הַ	הַ	SCONJ	_	13 נּוֹטֶ֤ה	mark	the [one
13	נּוֹטֶ֤ה	נָטָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	2 יֹּשֵׁב֙	parataxis	who] stretched out
14	כַ	כְּ	ADP	_	16 דֹּק֙	case	like
15	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	16 דֹּק֙	det	(the)
16	דֹּק֙	דֹּק	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 נּוֹטֶ֤ה	obl	curtain
17	שָׁמַ֔יִם	שָׁמַיִם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	13 נּוֹטֶ֤ה	obj	[the] heavens
18	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	19 יִּמְתָּח	cc	and
19	יִּמְתָּח	מָתַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	13 נּוֹטֶ֤ה	conj	he
20	ֵ֥ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 יִּמְתָּח	obj	spread them out
21	כָּ	כְּ	ADP	_	23 אֹ֖הֶל	case	like
22	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	23 אֹ֖הֶל	det	(the)
23	אֹ֖הֶל	אֹהֶל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	19 יִּמְתָּח	obl	tent
24	לָ	לְ	ADP	_	25 שָֽׁבֶת	case	to
25	שָֽׁבֶת	יָשַׁב	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	19 יִּמְתָּח	advcl	dwell in
26	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	25 שָֽׁבֶת	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	what, whom (A1)
יֹּשֵׁב who] sits	participle active · qal
נּוֹטֶה who] stretched out	participle active · qal	שָׁמַיִם [the] heavens
יִּמְתָּח he	wayyiqtol · qal	ֵם spread them out
שָֽׁבֶת dwell in	infinitive construct · qal

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

דְאַשְׁרֵי בִּתְקוֹף רוּמָא שְׁכִינַת יְקָרֵהּ וְכָל יַתְבֵי אַרְעָא חֲשִׁיבִין קֳדָמוֹהִי כְּקַמְצִין דְמָתַח כִּזְעֵיר שְׁמַיָא וּפַרְסִינוּן כְּמַשְׁכַּן יְקָרָא לְבֵית שְׁכִינְתָּא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

It is He that sitteth above the circle of the earth, and the inhabitants thereof are as grasshoppers; that stretcheth out the heavens as a curtain, and spreadeth them out as a tent to dwell in;

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:787.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.40.22/