Isaiah 40:21 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: ye · What happens: not know, not hear, not tell, not understand · To what, where: oak, you, beginning, foundations · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Isaiah 40:21 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — ye — and what happens in the verse to oak, you, beginning, foundations, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

הֲל֤וֹא תֵֽדְעוּ֙ הֲל֣וֹא תִשְׁמָ֔עוּ הֲל֛וֹא הֻגַּ֥ד מֵרֹ֖אשׁ לָכֶ֑ם הֲלוֹא֙ הֲבִ֣ינֹתֶ֔ם מוֹסְד֖וֹת הָאָֽרֶץ׃

Know ye not? hear ye not? Hath it not been told you from the beginning? Have ye not understood the foundations of the earth?

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	הֲ	הֲ	PART	_	3 תֵֽדְעוּ֙	advmod	?
2	ל֤וֹא	לֹא	ADV	_	3 תֵֽדְעוּ֙	advmod	not
3	תֵֽדְעוּ֙	יָדַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	root	root	do you know
4	הֲ	הֲ	PART	_	6 תִשְׁמָ֔עוּ	advmod	?
5	ל֣וֹא	לֹא	ADV	_	6 תִשְׁמָ֔עוּ	advmod	not
6	תִשְׁמָ֔עוּ	שָׁמַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	3 תֵֽדְעוּ֙	parataxis	do you hear
7	הֲ	הֲ	PART	_	9 הֻגַּ֥ד	advmod	?
8	ל֛וֹא	לֹא	ADV	_	9 הֻגַּ֥ד	advmod	not
9	הֻגַּ֥ד	נָגַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HOPHAL Number=Sing Person=3	3 תֵֽדְעוּ֙	parataxis	has it been told
10	מֵ	מִן	ADP	_	11 רֹ֖אשׁ	case	from [the]
11	רֹ֖אשׁ	רֹאשׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 הֻגַּ֥ד	obl	beginning
12	ל	לְ	ADP	_	13 ָכֶ֑ם	case	to
13	ָכֶ֑ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	9 הֻגַּ֥ד	obl	you
14	הֲ	הֲ	PART	_	16 הֲבִ֣ינֹתֶ֔ם	advmod	?
15	לוֹא֙	לֹא	ADV	_	16 הֲבִ֣ינֹתֶ֔ם	advmod	not
16	הֲבִ֣ינֹתֶ֔ם	בִּין	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=2	3 תֵֽדְעוּ֙	parataxis	have you understood
17	מוֹסְד֖וֹת	מוֹסָדָה	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 הֲבִ֣ינֹתֶ֔ם	obl	the foundations
18	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	19 אָֽרֶץ	det	of
19	אָֽרֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 מוֹסְד֖וֹת	compound:smixut	the earth
20	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	19 אָֽרֶץ	punct

Pragmatics

form: yes/no question
act: ask
voice: character
speech: speech with no frame
negation: yes
indirect: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
not תֵֽדְעוּ do you know	yiqtol · qal
not תִשְׁמָעוּ do you hear	yiqtol · qal
not הֲבִינֹתֶם have you understood	qatal · hiphil

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

הֲלָא יְדַעְתּוּן הֲלָא שְׁמַעְתּוּן הֲלָא אִיתְחַוָאָה מִן אַוְלָא עוֹבַד סִדְרֵי בְרֵאשִׁית לְכוֹן הֲלָא תִּסְתַּכְּלוּן לְמִדְחַל קֳדָם מִן דִבְרָא יְסוֹדֵי אַרְעָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:786.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.40.21/