Isaiah 40:21 · JPS 1917, sentence 3 of 3
Have ye not understood the foundations of the earth?
Who acts: ye · What happens: not understand · To what, where: foundations
This is Isaiah 40:21 · JPS 1917, sentence 3 of 3 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ye), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 understood | aux |
| 2 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 4 understood | nsubj |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 understood | advmod |
| 4 | understood | understand | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 foundations | det |
| 6 | foundations | foundation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 understood | obj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 earth | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 earth | det |
| 9 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 foundations | nmod |
| 10 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 understood | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- yes/no question
- act
- ask
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not understand | present · perfect | ye | the foundations of the earth | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer foundation=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
הֲל֤וֹא תֵֽדְעוּ֙ הֲל֣וֹא תִשְׁמָ֔עוּ הֲל֛וֹא הֻגַּ֥ד מֵרֹ֖אשׁ לָכֶ֑ם הֲלוֹא֙ הֲבִ֣ינֹתֶ֔ם מוֹסְד֖וֹת הָאָֽרֶץ׃
Isaiah 40:21: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
This verse in JPS 1917:
- Know ye not? hear ye not?
- Hath it not been told you from the beginning?
- Have ye not understood the foundations of the earth?
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:ISA:860 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.860/