Isaiah 40:3 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ
Who acts: one, ye · What happens: call, clear, make · To what, where: way, wilderness, highway, desert · Speech: someone speaks in this verse
This is Isaiah 40:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — one, ye — and what happens in the verse to way, wilderness, highway, desert, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
ק֣וֹל קוֹרֵ֔א בַּמִּדְבָּ֕ר פַּנּ֖וּ דֶּ֣רֶךְ יְהוָ֑ה יַשְּׁרוּ֙ בָּעֲרָבָ֔ה מְסִלָּ֖ה לֵאלֹהֵֽינוּ׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ק֣וֹל | קוֹל | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 2 קוֹרֵ֔א | nsubj | a voice |
| 2 | קוֹרֵ֔א | קָרָא | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing | root | root | [is] calling |
| 3 | בַּ | בְּ | ADP | _ | 5 מִּדְבָּ֕ר | case | in |
| 4 | ה | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 5 מִּדְבָּ֕ר | det | the |
| 5 | מִּדְבָּ֕ר | מִדְבָּר | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 6 פַּנּ֖וּ | obl | wilderness |
| 6 | פַּנּ֖וּ | פָּנָה | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Plur Person=2 | 2 קוֹרֵ֔א | ccomp | make clear |
| 7 | דֶּ֣רֶךְ | דֶּרֶךְ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 פַּנּ֖וּ | obj | the way |
| 8 | יְהוָ֑ה | יהוה | PROPN | _ | 7 דֶּ֣רֶךְ | compound:smixut | of Yahweh |
| 9 | יַשְּׁרוּ֙ | יָשַׁר | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Plur Person=2 | 6 פַּנּ֖וּ | parataxis | make straight |
| 10 | בָּ | בְּ | ADP | _ | 12 עֲרָבָ֔ה | case | in |
| 11 | ה | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 12 עֲרָבָ֔ה | det | the desert |
| 12 | עֲרָבָ֔ה | עֲרָבָה | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 9 יַשְּׁרוּ֙ | obl | plain |
| 13 | מְסִלָּ֖ה | מְסִלָּה | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 9 יַשְּׁרוּ֙ | obj | a highway |
| 14 | לֵ | לְ | ADP | _ | 15 אלֹהֵֽי | case | for |
| 15 | אלֹהֵֽי | אֱלֹהִים | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 9 יַשְּׁרוּ֙ | obl | God |
| 16 | נוּ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 15 אלֹהֵֽי | nmod:poss | our |
| 17 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 16 נוּ | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- command
- act
- request
- voice
- character
- speech
- a frame and its quote
- negation
- no
- the frame alone
- decl · assert · none
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| קוֹרֵא [is] calling | participle active · qal | קוֹל a voice | |||
| פַּנּוּ make clear | imperative · piel | דֶּרֶךְ the way | |||
| יַשְּׁרוּ make straight | imperative · piel | מְסִלָּה a highway |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Jonathan
קַל דְמַכְלֵי בְּמַדְבְּרָא פַּנוּ אוֹרַח מִן קֳדָם עַמָא דַייָ כְּבִישָׁא בְּמֵישְׁרָא כִּבְשִׁין קֳדָם כְּנִשְׁתָּא דֶאֱלָהָנָא:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:768.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.40.3/