Isaiah 41:4 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ
Who acts: LORD, I · What happens: wrought, do, call, be · To what, where: way, generations, beginning · Speech: someone speaks in this verse
This is Isaiah 41:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, I — and what happens in the verse to way, generations, beginning, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
מִֽי־פָעַ֣ל וְעָשָׂ֔ה קֹרֵ֥א הַדֹּר֖וֹת מֵרֹ֑אשׁ אֲנִ֤י יְהוָה֙ רִאשׁ֔וֹן וְאֶת־אַחֲרֹנִ֖ים אֲנִי־הֽוּא׃
Who hath wrought and done it? He that called the generations from the beginning. I, the LORD, who am the first, and with the last am the same.
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | מִֽי־ | מִי | PRON | PronType=Int | 2 פָעַ֣ל | nsubj | who? |
| 2 | פָעַ֣ל | פָּעַל | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | root | root | has he done [it] |
| 3 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 4 עָשָׂ֔ה | cc | and |
| 4 | עָשָׂ֔ה | עָשָׂה | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 2 פָעַ֣ל | conj | has he accomplished [it]? |
| 5 | קֹרֵ֥א | קָרָא | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing | 2 פָעַ֣ל | obj | calling forth |
| 6 | הַ | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 7 דֹּר֖וֹת | det | the |
| 7 | דֹּר֖וֹת | דּוֹר | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 5 קֹרֵ֥א | obj | generations |
| 8 | מֵ | מִן | ADP | _ | 9 רֹ֑אשׁ | case | from [the] |
| 9 | רֹ֑אשׁ | רֹאשׁ | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 5 קֹרֵ֥א | obl | beginning |
| 10 | אֲנִ֤י | אֲנִי | PRON | Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 12 רִאשׁ֔וֹן | nsubj | I |
| 11 | יְהוָה֙ | יהוה | PROPN | _ | 10 אֲנִ֤י | appos | Yahweh |
| 12 | רִאשׁ֔וֹן | רִאשׁוֹן | ADJ | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 2 פָעַ֣ל | parataxis | [am] first |
| 13 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 15 אַחֲרֹנִ֖ים | cc | and |
| 14 | אֶת־ | אֵת | ADP | _ | 15 אַחֲרֹנִ֖ים | case | with |
| 15 | אַחֲרֹנִ֖ים | אַחֲרוֹן | ADJ | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 12 רִאשׁ֔וֹן | conj | [the] last |
| 16 | אֲנִי־ | אֲנִי | PRON | Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 17 הֽוּא | nsubj | I |
| 17 | הֽוּא | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 רִאשׁ֔וֹן | parataxis | [am] he |
| 18 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 17 הֽוּא | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- wh-question
- act
- ask
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| פָעַל has he done [it] | qatal · qal | מִֽי־ who? | קֹרֵא calling forth | ||
| עָשָׂה has he accomplished [it]? | qatal · qal | מִֽי־ who? | קֹרֵא calling forth | ||
| קֹרֵא calling forth | participle active · qal | מִֽי־ who? | דֹּרוֹת generations |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Jonathan
מַן אֲמַר אִלֵין קַיָם אֲמַר וַעֲבִיד וְסִדַר דָרַיָא מִלְקָדְמִין אֲנָא יְיָ בָּרֵית עַלְמָא מִבְּרֵאשִׁית אַף עַלְמֵי עָלְמַיָא דִילִי אִינוּן בַּר מִנִי לֵית אֱלָהָא:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
- Who hath wrought and done it?
- He that called the generations from the beginning.
- I, the LORD, who am the first, and with the last am the same.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:800.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.41.4/