Isaiah 44:14 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: carpenter, rain · What happens: hew down, take, strengthen, plant, nourish · To what, where: cedars, strength, ilex, one, bay tree, forest

This is Isaiah 44:14 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — carpenter, rain — and what happens in the verse to cedars, strength, ilex, one, bay tree, forest, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

לִכְרָת־ל֣וֹ אֲרָזִ֔ים וַיִּקַּ֤ח תִּרְזָה֙ וְאַלּ֔וֹן וַיְאַמֶּץ־ל֖וֹ בַּעֲצֵי־יָ֑עַר נָטַ֥ע אֹ֖רֶןוְגֶ֥שֶׁם יְגַדֵּֽל׃

He heweth him down cedars, and taketh the ilex and the oak, and strengtheneth for himself one among the trees of the forest; he planteth a bay-tree, and the rain doth nourish it.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	2 כְרָת־	case	to
2	כְרָת־	כָּרַת	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	root	root	cut down
3	ל	לְ	ADP	_	4 ֣וֹ	case	(for
4	֣וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 כְרָת־	obl	himself
5	אֲרָזִ֔ים	אֶרֶז	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 כְרָת־	obj	cedars
6	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	7 יִּקַּ֤ח	cc	and
7	יִּקַּ֤ח	לָקַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 כְרָת־	conj	he took
8	תִּרְזָה֙	תִּרְזָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	7 יִּקַּ֤ח	obj	a cypress
9	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 אַלּ֔וֹן	cc	and
10	אַלּ֔וֹן	אַלּוֹן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 תִּרְזָה֙	conj	an oak
11	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 יְאַמֶּץ־	cc	and
12	יְאַמֶּץ־	אָמֵץ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	2 כְרָת־	conj	he strengthened [it]
13	ל	לְ	ADP	_	14 ֖וֹ	case	for
14	֖וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 יְאַמֶּץ־	obl	himself
15	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	16 עֲצֵי־	case	among [the]
16	עֲצֵי־	עֵץ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	12 יְאַמֶּץ־	obl	trees
17	יָ֑עַר	יַעַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 עֲצֵי־	compound:smixut	of [the] forest
18	נָטַ֥ע	נָטַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 כְרָת־	parataxis	he plants
19	אֹ֖רֶן	אֹרֶן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	18 נָטַ֥ע	obj	laurel
20	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	22 יְגַדֵּֽל	cc	and
21	גֶ֥שֶׁם	גֶּשֶׁם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	22 יְגַדֵּֽל	nsubj	rain
22	יְגַדֵּֽל	גָּדַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	2 כְרָת־	conj	it makes [it] grow
23	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	22 יְגַדֵּֽל	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
כְרָת־ cut down	infinitive construct · qal		אֲרָזִים cedars
יִּקַּח he took	wayyiqtol · qal		תִּרְזָה a cypress + אַלּוֹן an oak
יְאַמֶּץ־ he strengthened [it]	wayyiqtol · piel		תִּרְזָה a cypress + אַלּוֹן an oak
נָטַע he plants	qatal · qal		אֹרֶן laurel
יְגַדֵּֽל it makes [it] grow	yiqtol · piel	גֶשֶׁם rain	אֹרֶן laurel

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

לְמִקַץ לֵיהּ אַרְזִין וּנְסִיב תְּרֵז וּבְלוּט וּמַתְקֵיף לֵיהּ בַּאֲעֵי חוּרְשָׁא נְצַב אוּרְנָא וּמִטְרָא יְרַבֵּי:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

He heweth him down cedars, and taketh the ilex and the oak, and strengtheneth for himself one among the trees of the forest; he planteth a bay-tree, and the rain doth nourish it.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:892.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.44.14/