Isaiah 44:15 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: man, carpenter · What happens: use, take, warm, kindle, bake, make · To what, where: rain, carpenter, bread, god

This is Isaiah 44:15 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — man, carpenter — and what happens in the verse to rain, carpenter, bread, god, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְהָיָ֤ה לְאָדָם֙ לְבָעֵ֔ר וַיִּקַּ֤ח מֵהֶם֙ וַיָּ֔חָם אַף־יַשִּׂ֖יק וְאָ֣פָה לָ֑חֶם אַף־יִפְעַל־אֵל֙ וַיִּשְׁתָּ֔חוּ עָשָׂ֥הוּ פֶ֖סֶל וַיִּסְגָּד־לָֽמוֹ׃

Then a man useth it for fuel; and he taketh thereof, and warmeth himself; yea, he kindleth it, and baketh bread; yea, he maketh a god, and worshippeth it; he maketh it a graven image, and falleth down thereto.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	4 אָדָם֙	cc	and
2	הָיָ֤ה	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	4 אָדָם֙	cop	it belongs
3	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	4 אָדָם֙	case	to
4	אָדָם֙	אָדָם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	root	root	anyone
5	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	6 בָעֵ֔ר	case	to
6	בָעֵ֔ר	בָּעַר	VERB	HebBinyan=PIEL	4 אָדָם֙	advcl	burn
7	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	8 יִּקַּ֤ח	cc	and
8	יִּקַּ֤ח	לָקַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	4 אָדָם֙	conj	he took
9	מֵ	מִן	ADP	_	10 הֶם֙	case	some
10	הֶם֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 יִּקַּ֤ח	obl	of them
11	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 יָּ֔חָם	cc	and
12	יָּ֔חָם	חָמַם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	4 אָדָם֙	conj	he became warm
13	אַף־	אַף	ADV	_	14 יַשִּׂ֖יק	advmod	also
14	יַשִּׂ֖יק	נשׂק	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	4 אָדָם֙	parataxis	he kindles a fire
15	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	16 אָ֣פָה	cc	and
16	אָ֣פָה	אָפָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	14 יַשִּׂ֖יק	conj	he bakes
17	לָ֑חֶם	לֶחֶם	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 אָ֣פָה	obj	bread
18	אַף־	אַף	ADV	_	19 יִפְעַל־	advmod	also
19	יִפְעַל־	פָּעַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	4 אָדָם֙	parataxis	he makes
20	אֵל֙	אֵל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	19 יִפְעַל־	obj	a god
21	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	22 יִּשְׁתָּ֔חוּ	cc	and
22	יִּשְׁתָּ֔חוּ	חוה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HITHPAEL Number=Sing Person=3	19 יִפְעַל־	conj	he bowed down
23	עָשׂ	עָשָׂה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	4 אָדָם֙	parataxis	he
24	ָ֥הוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 עָשׂ	obj	makes it
25	פֶ֖סֶל	פֶּסֶל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	23 עָשׂ	xcomp	an idol
26	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	27 יִּסְגָּד־	cc	and
27	יִּסְגָּד־	סָגַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	4 אָדָם֙	conj	he prostrated himself
28	לָֽ	לְ	ADP	_	29 מוֹ	case	to
29	מוֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 יִּסְגָּד־	obl	it
30	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	29 מוֹ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
הָיָה it belongs	weqatal · qal
בָעֵר burn	infinitive construct · piel	אָדָם anyone
יִּקַּח he took	wayyiqtol · qal
יָּחָם he became warm	wayyiqtol · qal
יַשִּׂיק he kindles a fire	yiqtol · hiphil
אָפָה he bakes	weqatal · qal		לָחֶם bread
יִפְעַל־ he makes	yiqtol · qal		אֵל a god
יִּשְׁתָּחוּ he bowed down	wayyiqtol · hithpael
עָשׂ he	qatal · qal		ָהוּ makes it
יִּסְגָּד־ he prostrated himself	wayyiqtol · qal

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וֶהֱוֵי לֶאֱנָשָׁא לְאַדְלָקָא וּנְסֵיב מִנְהוֹן וּשְׁחֵין אַף אֲזָא וְאָפָא לְחֵם אַף עָבְדֵהּ דַחֲלָא וּסְגֵיד אִתְּכֵהּ צַלְמָא וּבְעָא מִנֵהּ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Then a man useth it for fuel; and he taketh thereof, and warmeth himself; yea, he kindleth it, and baketh bread; yea, he maketh a god, and worshippeth it; he maketh it a graven image, and falleth down thereto.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:893.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.44.15/