Isaiah 44:18 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ
Who acts: men, eyes · What happens: not know, understand, bedaub, not see, not understand · To what, where: eyes, hearts
This is Isaiah 44:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — men, eyes — and what happens in the verse to eyes, hearts, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
לֹ֥א יָדְע֖וּ וְלֹ֣א יָבִ֑ינוּ כִּ֣י טַ֤ח מֵֽרְאוֹת֙ עֵֽינֵיהֶ֔ם מֵהַשְׂכִּ֖יל לִבֹּתָֽם׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | לֹ֥א | לֹא | ADV | _ | 2 יָדְע֖וּ | advmod | not |
| 2 | יָדְע֖וּ | יָדַע | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3 | root | root | they know |
| 3 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 5 יָבִ֑ינוּ | cc | and |
| 4 | לֹ֣א | לֹא | ADV | _ | 5 יָבִ֑ינוּ | advmod | not |
| 5 | יָבִ֑ינוּ | בִּין | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3 | 2 יָדְע֖וּ | conj | they understand |
| 6 | כִּ֣י | כִּי | SCONJ | _ | 7 טַ֤ח | mark | (dm) |
| 7 | טַ֤ח | טָחַח | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 2 יָדְע֖וּ | advcl | it is besmeared |
| 8 | מֵֽ | מִן | ADP | _ | 9 רְאוֹת֙ | case | from |
| 9 | רְאוֹת֙ | רָאָה | VERB | HebBinyan=QAL | 7 טַ֤ח | advcl | seeing |
| 10 | עֵֽינֵי | עַיִן | NOUN | Number=Dual | 7 טַ֤ח | obj | eyes |
| 11 | הֶ֔ם | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 עֵֽינֵי | nmod:poss | their |
| 12 | מֵ | מִן | ADP | _ | 13 הַשְׂכִּ֖יל | case | from |
| 13 | הַשְׂכִּ֖יל | שָׂכַל | VERB | HebBinyan=HIPHIL | 7 טַ֤ח | parataxis | having insight |
| 14 | לִבֹּת | לֵב | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 13 הַשְׂכִּ֖יל | obj | hearts |
| 15 | ָֽם | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 לִבֹּת | nmod:poss | their |
| 16 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 15 ָֽם | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- speech
- narration
- negation
- yes
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| not יָדְעוּ they know | qatal · qal | ||||
| not יָבִינוּ they understand | yiqtol · qal | ||||
| טַח it is besmeared | qatal · qal | עֵֽינֵי eyes | |||
| רְאוֹת seeing | infinitive construct · qal | עֵֽינֵי eyes | |||
| הַשְׂכִּיל having insight | infinitive construct · hiphil | לִבֹּת hearts |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Jonathan
לָא יָדְעוּן וְלָא מִסְתַּכְּלִין אֲרֵי מְטַמְטְמָן מִלְמֶחֱזֵי עֵינֵיהוֹן מִלְאִסְתַּכָּלָא בְּלִבְּהוֹן:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:896.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.44.18/