Isaiah 44:18 · JPS 1917
They know not, neither do they understand; for their eyes are bedaubed, that they cannot see, and their hearts, that they cannot understand.
Who acts: men, eyes · What happens: not know, understand, bedaub, not see, not understand · To what, where: eyes, hearts
This is Isaiah 44:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men, eyes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 know | nsubj |
| 2 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 2 know | advmod |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 understand | punct |
| 5 | neither | neither | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 8 understand | cc |
| 6 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 understand | aux |
| 7 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 understand | nsubj |
| 8 | understand | understand | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 know | parataxis |
| 9 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 14 bedaubed | punct |
| 10 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 14 bedaubed | mark |
| 11 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 eyes | nmod:poss |
| 12 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 bedaubed | nsubj |
| 13 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 bedaubed | aux:pass |
| 14 | bedaubed | bedaub | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 know | parataxis |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 see | punct |
| 16 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 20 see | mark |
| 17 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 see | nsubj |
| 18 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 20 see | aux |
| 19 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 20 see | advmod |
| 20 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 bedaubed | advcl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 hearts | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 hearts | cc |
| 23 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 hearts | nmod:poss |
| 24 | hearts | heart | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 bedaubed | conj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 understand | punct |
| 26 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 30 understand | mark |
| 27 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 understand | nsubj |
| 28 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 30 understand | aux |
| 29 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 30 understand | advmod |
| 30 | understand | understand | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 hearts | acl:relcl |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 know | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not know | present | men = man | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | understand | present · do-support | men = man | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 3 | bedaub | present · passive | men's eyes | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | not see | can | eyes = eye | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 5 | not understand | can | eyes = eye | men's hearts not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer heart=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
לֹ֥א יָדְע֖וּ וְלֹ֣א יָבִ֑ינוּ כִּ֣י טַ֤ח מֵֽרְאוֹת֙ עֵֽינֵיהֶ֔ם מֵהַשְׂכִּ֖יל לִבֹּתָֽם׃
Isaiah 44:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:ISA:990 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.990/