Isaiah 44:23 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: you, LORD · What happens: sing, do, shout, break, redeem, glorify · To what, where: cloud, singing, Jacob, LORD, Israel

This is Isaiah 44:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, LORD — and what happens in the verse to cloud, singing, Jacob, LORD, Israel, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

רָנּ֨וּ שָׁמַ֜יִם כִּֽי־עָשָׂ֣ה יְהוָ֗ה הָרִ֙יעוּ֙ תַּחְתִּיּ֣וֹת אָ֔רֶץ פִּצְח֤וּ הָרִים֙ רִנָּ֔ה יַ֖עַר וְכָל־עֵ֣ץ בּ֑וֹ כִּֽי־גָאַ֤ל יְהוָה֙ יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב וּבְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִתְפָּאָֽר׃פ

Sing, O ye heavens, for the LORD hath done it; shout, ye lowest parts of the earth; break forth into singing, ye mountains, O forest, and every tree therein; for the LORD hath redeemed Jacob, and doth glorify Himself in Israel.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	רָנּ֨וּ	רָנַן	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	root	root	shout for joy
2	שָׁמַ֜יִם	שָׁמַיִם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	1 רָנּ֨וּ	parataxis	O heaven
3	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	4 עָשָׂ֣ה	mark	(dm)
4	עָשָׂ֣ה	עָשָׂה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	1 רָנּ֨וּ	advcl	he has acted
5	יְהוָ֗ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	4 עָשָׂ֣ה	nsubj	Yahweh
6	הָרִ֙יעוּ֙	רוּעַ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=2	1 רָנּ֨וּ	parataxis	shout in triumph
7	תַּחְתִּיּ֣וֹת	תַּחְתִּי	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	6 הָרִ֙יעוּ֙	parataxis	O lower parts
8	אָ֔רֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 תַּחְתִּיּ֣וֹת	compound:smixut	of [the] earth
9	פִּצְח֤וּ	פָּצַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	10 הָרִים֙	parataxis	break forth
10	הָרִים֙	הַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	1 רָנּ֨וּ	parataxis	O mountains
11	רִנָּ֔ה	רִנָּה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	9 פִּצְח֤וּ	obl	a shout of joy
12	יַ֖עַר	יַעַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 הָרִים֙	parataxis	O forest
13	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	14 כָל־	cc	and
14	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 יַ֖עַר	conj	every
15	עֵ֣ץ	עֵץ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 כָל־	compound:smixut	tree
16	בּ	בְּ	ADP	_	17 ֑וֹ	case	in
17	֑וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 עֵ֣ץ	nmod	it
18	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	19 גָאַ֤ל	mark	(dm)
19	גָאַ֤ל	גָּאַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	1 רָנּ֨וּ	advcl	he has redeemed
20	יְהוָה֙	יהוה	PROPN	_	19 גָאַ֤ל	nsubj	Yahweh
21	יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב	יַעֲקֹב	PROPN	_	19 גָאַ֤ל	obj	Jacob
22	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	25 יִתְפָּאָֽר	cc	and
23	בְ	בְּ	ADP	_	24 יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל	case	by
24	יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	25 יִתְפָּאָֽר	obl	Israel
25	יִתְפָּאָֽר	פָּאַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HITHPAEL Number=Sing Person=3	1 רָנּ֨וּ	conj	he will get glory for himself
26	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	25 יִתְפָּאָֽר	punct
27	פ	פ	PUNCT	_	25 יִתְפָּאָֽר	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
רָנּוּ shout for joy	imperative · qal	שָׁמַיִם O heaven
עָשָׂה he has acted	qatal · qal	יְהוָה Yahweh
הָרִיעוּ shout in triumph	imperative · hiphil	תַּחְתִּיּוֹת O lower parts
פִּצְחוּ break forth	imperative · qal	הָרִים O mountains + יַעַר O forest + עֵץ tree
גָאַל he has redeemed	qatal · qal	יְהוָה Yahweh	יַֽעֲקֹב Jacob
יִתְפָּאָֽר he will get glory for himself	yiqtol · hithpael	יְהוָה Yahweh

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

שַׁבַּחוּ שְׁמַיָא אֲרֵי עֲבַד יְיָ פוּרְקַן לְעַמֵהּ יַבִּיבוּ יְסוֹדֵי אַרְעָא בּוּעוּ טוּרַיָא תּוּשְׁבַּחְתָּא חוּרְשָׁא וְכָל אִילָנַיָא דְבֵהּ אֲרֵי פְרַק יְיָ יַעֲקֹב וּבְיִשְׂרָאֵל יִשְׁתַּבַּח:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Sing, O ye heavens, for the LORD hath done it; shout, ye lowest parts of the earth; break forth into singing, ye mountains, O forest, and every tree therein; for the LORD hath redeemed Jacob, and doth glorify Himself in Israel.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:901.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.44.23/