Isaiah 44:25 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: That · What happens: frustrate, make, turn · To what, where: tokens, diviners, wise men, knowledge

This is Isaiah 44:25 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — That — and what happens in the verse to tokens, diviners, wise men, knowledge, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

מֵפֵר֙ אֹת֣וֹת בַּדִּ֔ים וְקֹסְמִ֖ים יְהוֹלֵ֑ל מֵשִׁ֧יב חֲכָמִ֛ים אָח֖וֹר וְדַעְתָּ֥ם יְשַׂכֵּֽל׃

That frustrateth the tokens of the imposters, and maketh diviners mad; that turneth wise men backward, and maketh their knowledge foolish;

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	מֵפֵר֙	פָּרַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing	root	root	[who] frustrates
2	אֹת֣וֹת	אוֹת	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 מֵפֵר֙	obj	[the] signs
3	בַּדִּ֔ים	בַּד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 אֹת֣וֹת	compound:smixut	of empty talkers
4	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	6 יְהוֹלֵ֑ל	cc	and
5	קֹסְמִ֖ים	קָסַם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	6 יְהוֹלֵ֑ל	obj	diviners
6	יְהוֹלֵ֑ל	הָלַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	1 מֵפֵר֙	conj	he makes look foolish
7	מֵשִׁ֧יב	שׁוּב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing	1 מֵפֵר֙	conj	[who] turns back
8	חֲכָמִ֛ים	חָכָם	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	7 מֵשִׁ֧יב	obj	wise [people]
9	אָח֖וֹר	אָחוֹר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	7 מֵשִׁ֧יב	obl	backwards
10	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 יְשַׂכֵּֽל	cc	and
11	דַעְתּ	דַּעַת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	13 יְשַׂכֵּֽל	obj	knowledge
12	ָ֥ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 דַעְתּ	nmod:poss	their
13	יְשַׂכֵּֽל	שׂכל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	7 מֵשִׁ֧יב	conj	he makes foolish
14	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	13 יְשַׂכֵּֽל	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
מֵפֵר [who] frustrates	participle active · hiphil	אֹתוֹת [the] signs
יְהוֹלֵל he makes look foolish	yiqtol · piel		קֹסְמִים diviners
מֵשִׁיב [who] turns back	participle active · hiphil	חֲכָמִים wise [people]
יְשַׂכֵּֽל he makes foolish	yiqtol · piel		דַעְתּ knowledge

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

מְבַטֵל אֶתְוָת בַּדִין וְקִסוּמִין מְשַׁגֵשׁ מַתִיב חַכִּימָא לַאֲחוֹרָא וְדַעְתְּהוֹן מְקַלְקֵל:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

That frustrateth the tokens of the imposters, and maketh diviners mad; that turneth wise men backward, and maketh their knowledge foolish;

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:903.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.44.25/