Isaiah 48:4 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: I, thou, neck · What happens: know, be · To what, where: iron sinew · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Isaiah 48:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, thou, neck — and what happens in the verse to iron sinew, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

מִדַּעְתִּ֕י כִּ֥י קָשֶׁ֖ה אָ֑תָּה וְגִ֤יד בַּרְזֶל֙ עָרְפֶּ֔ךָ וּמִצְחֲךָ֖ נְחוּשָֽׁה׃

Because I knew that thou art obstinate, and thy neck is an iron sinew, and thy brow brass;

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	2 דַּעְתּ	case	because
2	דַּעְתּ	ידע	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	root	root	knew
3	ִ֕י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 דַּעְתּ	nsubj	I
4	כִּ֥י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	5 קָשֶׁ֖ה	mark	(dm) that
5	קָשֶׁ֖ה	קָשֶׁה	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 דַּעְתּ	ccomp	[were] stubborn
6	אָ֑תָּה	אַתָּה	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	5 קָשֶׁ֖ה	nsubj	you
7	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	8 גִ֤יד	cc	and [was]
8	גִ֤יד	גִּיד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 קָשֶׁ֖ה	conj	a tendon
9	בַּרְזֶל֙	בַּרְזֶל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 גִ֤יד	compound:smixut	of iron
10	עָרְפּ	עֹרֶף	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 גִ֤יד	nsubj	neck
11	ֶ֔ךָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	10 עָרְפּ	nmod:poss	your
12	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	15 נְחוּשָֽׁה	cc	and
13	מִצְח	מֵצַח	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 נְחוּשָֽׁה	nsubj	forehead
14	ֲךָ֖	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	13 מִצְח	nmod:poss	your
15	נְחוּשָֽׁה	נְחוּשָׁה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	5 קָשֶׁ֖ה	conj	[was] bronze
16	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	15 נְחוּשָֽׁה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
דַּעְתּ knew	infinitive construct · qal	ִי I	קָשֶׁה [were] stubborn + גִיד a tendon + נְחוּשָֽׁה [was] bronze

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

גְלֵי קֳדָמַי דְאַתְּ סַרְבָן וְקָשֵׁי כְּבַרְזְלָא קָדְלָךְ וּבֵית עֵינָךְ חֲסִין כִּנְחָשָׁא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Because I knew that thou art obstinate, and thy neck is an iron sinew, and thy brow brass;

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:963.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.48.4/