Isaiah 48:4 · JPS 1917
Because I knew that thou art obstinate, and thy neck is an iron sinew, and thy brow brass;
Who acts: I, thou, neck · What happens: know, be · To what, where: iron sinew · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Isaiah 48:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, thou, neck), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Because | because | SCONJ | _ | 3 knew | mark |
| 2 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 knew | nsubj |
| 3 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 7 obstinate | mark |
| 5 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 7 obstinate | nsubj |
| 6 | art | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 obstinate | cop |
| 7 | obstinate | obstinate | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 knew | ccomp |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 sinew | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 sinew | cc |
| 10 | thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 11 neck | nmod:poss |
| 11 | neck | neck | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 sinew | nsubj |
| 12 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 sinew | cop |
| 13 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 sinew | det |
| 14 | iron | iron | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 sinew | compound |
| 15 | sinew | sinew | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 obstinate | conj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 brass | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 brass | cc |
| 18 | thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 20 brass | nmod:poss |
| 19 | brow | brow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 brass | nmod:poss |
| 20 | brass | brass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 sinew | conj |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 3 knew | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed voice=character
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | past | I | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | is | present | thou | obstinate property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | is a | present | thy neck | a iron sinew and thy brass | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
מִדַּעְתִּ֕י כִּ֥י קָשֶׁ֖ה אָ֑תָּה וְגִ֤יד בַּרְזֶל֙ עָרְפֶּ֔ךָ וּמִצְחֲךָ֖ נְחוּשָֽׁה׃
Isaiah 48:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:ISA:1061 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1061/