Isaiah 59:10 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: We, lips · What happens: grope, have, stumble, be · To what, where: eyes, noonday, dark places

This is Isaiah 59:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — We, lips — and what happens in the verse to eyes, noonday, dark places, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

נְגַֽשְׁשָׁ֤ה כַֽעִוְרִים֙ קִ֔יר וּכְאֵ֥ין עֵינַ֖יִם נְגַשֵּׁ֑שָׁה כָּשַׁ֤לְנוּ בַֽצָּהֳרַ֙יִם֙ כַּנֶּ֔שֶׁף בָּאַשְׁמַנִּ֖ים כַּמֵּתִֽים׃

We grope for the wall like the blind, yea, as they that have no eyes do we grope; we stumble at noonday as in the twilight; we are in dark places like the dead.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	נְגַֽשְׁשָׁ֤ה	גָּשַׁשׁ	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Plur Person=1	root	root	we grope for
2	כַֽ	כְּ	ADP	_	4 עִוְרִים֙	case	like (the)
3	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	4 עִוְרִים֙	det	blind
4	עִוְרִים֙	עִוֵּר	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	1 נְגַֽשְׁשָׁ֤ה	obl	[people]
5	קִ֔יר	קִיר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	1 נְגַֽשְׁשָׁ֤ה	obj	a wall
6	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 נְגַשֵּׁ֑שָׁה	cc	and
7	כְ	כְּ	ADP	_	8 אֵ֥ין	case	like
8	אֵ֥ין	אַיִן	ADV	_	10 נְגַשֵּׁ֑שָׁה	obl	there [are] not
9	עֵינַ֖יִם	עַיִן	NOUN	Number=Dual	8 אֵ֥ין	nsubj	eyes
10	נְגַשֵּׁ֑שָׁה	גָּשַׁשׁ	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Plur Person=1	1 נְגַֽשְׁשָׁ֤ה	conj	we grope
11	כָּשַׁ֤לְנוּ	כָּשַׁל	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	1 נְגַֽשְׁשָׁ֤ה	parataxis	we have stumbled
12	בַֽ	בְּ	ADP	_	14 צָּהֳרַ֙יִם֙	case	at
13	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	14 צָּהֳרַ֙יִם֙	det	(the)
14	צָּהֳרַ֙יִם֙	צָהֳרַיִם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	11 כָּשַׁ֤לְנוּ	obl	noon(s)
15	כַּ	כְּ	ADP	_	17 נֶּ֔שֶׁף	case	like
16	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	17 נֶּ֔שֶׁף	det	the
17	נֶּ֔שֶׁף	נֶשֶׁף	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 כָּשַׁ֤לְנוּ	obl	twilight
18	בָּ	בְּ	ADP	_	20 אַשְׁמַנִּ֖ים	case	among
19	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	20 אַשְׁמַנִּ֖ים	det	the fat
20	אַשְׁמַנִּ֖ים	אַשְׁמַנִּים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	23 מֵּתִֽים	obl	people
21	כַּ	כְּ	ADP	_	23 מֵּתִֽים	case	like
22	ה	הַ	SCONJ	_	23 מֵּתִֽים	mark	[those
23	מֵּתִֽים	מוּת	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	1 נְגַֽשְׁשָׁ֤ה	parataxis	who have] died
24	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	23 מֵּתִֽים	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: promise
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	what, whom (A1)
נְגַֽשְׁשָׁה we grope for	yiqtol · piel	קִיר a wall
not נְגַשֵּׁשָׁה we grope	yiqtol · piel
כָּשַׁלְנוּ we have stumbled	qatal · qal

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

נְמַשְׁמֵשׁ כְּסָמָן כּוּתְלִין וְכִדְלֵית לְהוֹן עַיְנִין נְמַשְׁמֵשׁ אִתְקֵילָנָא בְטִיהֲרָא כְּמָא דְמִתַּקְלִין בְּקִבְלָא אִתְאֲחַד בְּאַפָּנָא כְּמָא דַאֲחִידִין קִבְרַיָא בְּאַפֵּי מֵתַיָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

We grope for the wall like the blind, yea, as they that have no eyes do we grope; we stumble at noonday as in the twilight; we are in dark places like the dead.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:1155.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.59.10/