Isaiah 59:11 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: We, none, right · What happens: growl, mourn, look, be

This is Isaiah 59:11 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — We, none, right — and what happens in the verse, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

נֶהֱמֶ֤ה כַדֻּבִּים֙ כֻּלָּ֔נוּ וְכַיּוֹנִ֖ים הָגֹ֣ה נֶהְגֶּ֑ה נְקַוֶּ֤ה לַמִּשְׁפָּט֙ וָאַ֔יִן לִֽישׁוּעָ֖ה רָחֲקָ֥ה מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃

We all growl like bears, and mourn sore like doves; we look for right, but there is none; for salvation, but it is far off from us.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	נֶהֱמֶ֤ה	הָמָה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	root	root	we growl
2	כַ	כְּ	ADP	_	4 דֻּבִּים֙	case	like
3	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	4 דֻּבִּים֙	det	(the)
4	דֻּבִּים֙	דֹּב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	1 נֶהֱמֶ֤ה	obl	bears
5	כֻּלּ	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	1 נֶהֱמֶ֤ה	nsubj	of us
6	ָ֔נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	5 כֻּלּ	nmod:poss	all
7	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 נֶהְגֶּ֑ה	cc	and
8	כַ	כְּ	ADP	_	10 יּוֹנִ֖ים	case	like
9	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	10 יּוֹנִ֖ים	det	(the)
10	יּוֹנִ֖ים	יוֹנָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	12 נֶהְגֶּ֑ה	obl	doves
11	הָגֹ֣ה	הָגָה	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	12 נֶהְגֶּ֑ה	obl:npmod	mournfully (moan)
12	נֶהְגֶּ֑ה	הָגָה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	1 נֶהֱמֶ֤ה	conj	we moan
13	נְקַוֶּ֤ה	קָוָה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Plur Person=1	1 נֶהֱמֶ֤ה	parataxis	we wait eagerly
14	לַ	לְ	ADP	_	16 מִּשְׁפָּט֙	case	for
15	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	16 מִּשְׁפָּט֙	det	(the)
16	מִּשְׁפָּט֙	מִשְׁפָּט	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 נְקַוֶּ֤ה	obl	justice
17	וָ	וְ	CCONJ	_	18 אַ֔יִן	cc	and
18	אַ֔יִן	אַיִן	ADV	_	13 נְקַוֶּ֤ה	conj	there [is] not
19	לִֽ	לְ	ADP	_	20 ישׁוּעָ֖ה	case	for
20	ישׁוּעָ֖ה	יְשׁוּעָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	13 נְקַוֶּ֤ה	parataxis	deliverance
21	רָחֲקָ֥ה	רָחַק	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	13 נְקַוֶּ֤ה	parataxis	it is far
22	מִמּ	מִן	ADP	_	23 ֶֽנּוּ	case	from
23	ֶֽנּוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	21 רָחֲקָ֥ה	obl	us
24	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	23 ֶֽנּוּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: promise
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
נֶהֱמֶה we growl	yiqtol · qal	ָנוּ all
נֶהְגֶּה we moan	yiqtol · qal
not נְקַוֶּה we wait eagerly	yiqtol · piel
רָחֲקָה it is far	qatal · qal	ישׁוּעָה deliverance

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

עַסֵינָא מִן קֳדָם בַּעֲלֵי דְבָבָנָא דְמִתְכַּנְשִׁין עֲלָנָא כְּדוּבִין כּוּלָנָא וּכְיוֹנִין נָהָמָא נָהֵימְנָא סַבַּרְנָא לְדִינָא וְלֵית לְפוּרְקָנָא אִתְרְחֵק מִנָנָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

We all growl like bears, and mourn sore like doves; we look for right, but there is none; for salvation, but it is far off from us.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:1156.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.59.11/