Isaiah 59:12 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: sins, transgressions, we, our · What happens: multiply, testify, be, know, transgress · To what, where: transgressions, us

This is Isaiah 59:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — sins, transgressions, we, our — and what happens in the verse to transgressions, us, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

כִּֽי־רַבּ֤וּ פְשָׁעֵ֙ינוּ֙ נֶגְדֶּ֔ךָ וְחַטֹּאותֵ֖ינוּ עָ֣נְתָה בָּ֑נוּ כִּֽי־פְשָׁעֵ֣ינוּ אִתָּ֔נוּ וַעֲוֺנֹתֵ֖ינוּ יְדַֽעֲנֽוּם׃

For our transgressions are multiplied before Thee, and our sins testify against us; for our transgressions are present to us, and as for our iniquities, we know them:

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	2 רַבּ֤וּ	mark	(dm)
2	רַבּ֤וּ	רבב	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they are many
3	פְשָׁעֵ֙י	פֶּשַׁע	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 רַבּ֤וּ	nsubj	transgressions
4	נוּ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 פְשָׁעֵ֙י	nmod:poss	our
5	נֶגְדּ	נֶגֶד	NOUN	_	2 רַבּ֤וּ	obl	before
6	ֶ֔ךָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	5 נֶגְדּ	nmod:poss	you
7	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 עָ֣נְתָה	cc	and
8	חַטֹּאותֵ֖י	חַטָּאת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	10 עָ֣נְתָה	nsubj	sins
9	נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	8 חַטֹּאותֵ֖י	nmod:poss	our
10	עָ֣נְתָה	עָנָה	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 רַבּ֤וּ	conj	it has testified
11	בּ	בְּ	ADP	_	12 ָ֑נוּ	case	against
12	ָ֑נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	10 עָ֣נְתָה	obl	us
13	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	17 ָ֔נוּ	mark	(dm)
14	פְשָׁעֵ֣י	פֶּשַׁע	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	17 ָ֔נוּ	nsubj	transgressions
15	נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	14 פְשָׁעֵ֣י	nmod:poss	our
16	אִתּ	אֵת	ADP	_	17 ָ֔נוּ	case	[are] with
17	ָ֔נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 רַבּ֤וּ	advcl	us
18	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	21 יְדַֽעֲנֽוּ	cc	and
19	עֲוֺנֹתֵ֖י	עָוֺן	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 יְדַֽעֲנֽוּ	dislocated	iniquities
20	נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	19 עֲוֺנֹתֵ֖י	nmod:poss	our
21	יְדַֽעֲנֽוּ	יָדַע	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	2 רַבּ֤וּ	conj	we
22	ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 יְדַֽעֲנֽוּ	obj	know them
23	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	22 ם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
רַבּוּ they are many	qatal · qal	פְשָׁעֵי transgressions
עָנְתָה it has testified	qatal · qal	חַטֹּאותֵי sins
יְדַֽעֲנֽוּ we	qatal · qal		ם know them

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

אֲרֵי סַגִיאִין חוֹבָנָא קֳדָמָךְ וְחַטָאנָא אַסְהִידוּ בָנָא אֲרֵי חוֹבָנָא גְלַן לָנָא זַעֲוָיָתָנָא יְדַעְנָא לְהוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

For our transgressions are multiplied before Thee, and our sins testify against us; for our transgressions are present to us, and as for our iniquities, we know them:

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:1157.

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