Isaiah 60:2 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ
Who acts: darkness, LORD · What happens: cover, arise, see, glory · To what, where: earth, thee, glory
This is Isaiah 60:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — darkness, LORD — and what happens in the verse to earth, thee, glory, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
כִּֽי־הִנֵּ֤ה הַחֹ֙שֶׁךְ֙ יְכַסֶּה־אֶ֔רֶץ וַעֲרָפֶ֖ל לְאֻמִּ֑ים וְעָלַ֙יִךְ֙ יִזְרַ֣ח יְהוָ֔ה וּכְבוֹד֖וֹ עָלַ֥יִךְ יֵרָאֶֽה׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | כִּֽי־ | כִּי | SCONJ | _ | 2 הִנֵּ֤ה | mark | (dm) |
| 2 | הִנֵּ֤ה | הִנֵּה | INTJ | _ | root | root | there! |
| 3 | הַ | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 4 חֹ֙שֶׁךְ֙ | det | (the) |
| 4 | חֹ֙שֶׁךְ֙ | חֹשֶׁךְ | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 5 יְכַסֶּה־ | nsubj | darkness |
| 5 | יְכַסֶּה־ | כָּסָה | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3 | 2 הִנֵּ֤ה | parataxis | it will cover |
| 6 | אֶ֔רֶץ | אֶרֶץ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 יְכַסֶּה־ | obj | [the] earth |
| 7 | וַ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 8 עֲרָפֶ֖ל | cc | and |
| 8 | עֲרָפֶ֖ל | עֲרָפֶל | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 5 יְכַסֶּה־ | conj | thick darkness |
| 9 | לְאֻמִּ֑ים | לְאֹם | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 8 עֲרָפֶ֖ל | obj | peoples |
| 10 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 13 יִזְרַ֣ח | cc | and |
| 11 | עָלַ֙י | עַל | ADP | _ | 12 ִךְ֙ | case | on |
| 12 | ִךְ֙ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs | 13 יִזְרַ֣ח | obl | you |
| 13 | יִזְרַ֣ח | זָרַח | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 2 הִנֵּ֤ה | conj | he will dawn |
| 14 | יְהוָ֔ה | יהוה | PROPN | _ | 13 יִזְרַ֣ח | nsubj | Yahweh |
| 15 | וּ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 20 יֵרָאֶֽה | cc | and |
| 16 | כְבוֹד | כָּבוֹד | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 יֵרָאֶֽה | nsubj | glory |
| 17 | ֖וֹ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 כְבוֹד | nmod:poss | his |
| 18 | עָלַ֥י | עַל | ADP | _ | 19 ִךְ | case | over |
| 19 | ִךְ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs | 20 יֵרָאֶֽה | obl | you |
| 20 | יֵרָאֶֽה | רָאָה | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 13 יִזְרַ֣ח | conj | it will appear |
| 21 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 20 יֵרָאֶֽה | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| יְכַסֶּה־ it will cover | yiqtol · piel | חֹשֶׁךְ darkness | אֶרֶץ [the] earth | ||
| יִזְרַח he will dawn | yiqtol · qal | יְהוָה Yahweh | |||
| יֵרָאֶֽה it will appear | yiqtol · niphal | כְבוֹד glory |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Jonathan
אֲרֵי הָא חֲשׁוֹכָא יַחְפֵּי אַרְעָא וְקִבְלָא לְמַלְכְּוָתָא וּבִיךְ יִשְׁרֵי שְׁכִנְתָּא דַייָ וִיקָרֵהּ עֲלָךְ יִתְגְלֵי:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:1168.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.60.2/