Isaiah 60:2 · JPS 1917
For, behold, darkness shall cover the earth, and gross darkness the peoples; but upon thee the LORD will arise, and His glory shall be seen upon thee.
Who acts: darkness, LORD · What happens: cover, arise, see, glory · To what, where: earth, thee, glory
This is Isaiah 60:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (darkness, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | For | for | CCONJ | _ | 7 cover | cc |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 For | punct |
| 3 | behold | behold | INTJ | _ | 7 cover | discourse |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 behold | punct |
| 5 | darkness | darkness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 cover | nsubj |
| 6 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 7 cover | aux |
| 7 | cover | cover | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 earth | det |
| 9 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 cover | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 darkness | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 darkness | cc |
| 12 | gross | gross | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 darkness | amod |
| 13 | darkness | darkness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 cover | conj |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 peoples | det |
| 15 | peoples | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 darkness | conj |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 arise | punct |
| 17 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 23 arise | cc |
| 18 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 19 thee | case |
| 19 | thee | thou | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 23 arise | obl |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 LORD | det |
| 21 | LORD | LORD | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 arise | nsubj |
| 22 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 23 arise | aux |
| 23 | arise | arise | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 cover | conj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 seen | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 seen | cc |
| 26 | His | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 glory | nmod:poss |
| 27 | glory | glory | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 seen | nsubj:pass |
| 28 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 30 seen | aux |
| 29 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 30 seen | aux:pass |
| 30 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 arise | conj |
| 31 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 32 thee | case |
| 32 | thee | thou | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 30 seen | obl |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 cover | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cover | shall | darkness | the earth | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme earth=Destination | ||||
| 2 | arise | future | the LORD | thee | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon thou=Location | ||||
| 3 | see | shall · passive | LORD's glory | upon thee | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | glory | LORD | nom glory «state intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
כִּֽי־הִנֵּ֤ה הַחֹ֙שֶׁךְ֙ יְכַסֶּה־אֶ֔רֶץ וַעֲרָפֶ֖ל לְאֻמִּ֑ים וְעָלַ֙יִךְ֙ יִזְרַ֣ח יְהוָ֔ה וּכְבוֹד֖וֹ עָלַ֥יִךְ יֵרָאֶֽה׃
Isaiah 60:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:ISA:1297 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1297/