Isaiah 64:5 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: we, righteousnesses, iniquities · What happens: become, be, pollute, fade, take away · To what, where: us

This is Isaiah 64:5 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — we, righteousnesses, iniquities — and what happens in the verse to us, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַנְּהִ֤י כַטָּמֵא֙ כֻּלָּ֔נוּ וּכְבֶ֥גֶד עִדִּ֖ים כָּל־צִדְקֹתֵ֑ינוּ וַנָּ֤בֶל כֶּֽעָלֶה֙ כֻּלָּ֔נוּ וַעֲוֺנֵ֖נוּ כָּר֥וּחַ יִשָּׂאֻֽנוּ׃

And we are all become as one that is unclean, and all our righteousnesses are as a polluted garment; and we all do fade as a leaf, and our iniquities, like the wind, take us away.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 נְּהִ֤י	cc	and
2	נְּהִ֤י	הָיָה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	root	root	we have become
3	כַ	כְּ	ADP	_	5 טָּמֵא֙	case	like (the)
4	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	5 טָּמֵא֙	det	unclean
5	טָּמֵא֙	טָמֵא	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 נְּהִ֤י	obl	[person]
6	כֻּלּ	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 נְּהִ֤י	nsubj	of us
7	ָ֔נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	6 כֻּלּ	nmod:poss	all
8	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 בֶ֥גֶד	cc	and [are]
9	כְ	כְּ	ADP	_	10 בֶ֥גֶד	case	like
10	בֶ֥גֶד	בֶּגֶד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 נְּהִ֤י	conj	a garment
11	עִדִּ֖ים	עִדָּה	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	10 בֶ֥גֶד	compound:smixut	of menstruation(s)
12	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 בֶ֥גֶד	nsubj	all
13	צִדְקֹתֵ֑י	צְדָקָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	12 כָּל־	compound:smixut	righteousness(es)
14	נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	13 צִדְקֹתֵ֑י	nmod:poss	our
15	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	16 נָּ֤בֶל	cc	and
16	נָּ֤בֶל	בלל	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	2 נְּהִ֤י	conj	we have withered
17	כֶּֽ	כְּ	ADP	_	19 עָלֶה֙	case	like
18	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	19 עָלֶה֙	det	(the)
19	עָלֶה֙	עָלֶה	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 נָּ֤בֶל	obl	leafage
20	כֻּלּ	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 נָּ֤בֶל	nsubj	of us
21	ָ֔נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	20 כֻּלּ	nmod:poss	all
22	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	28 יִשָּׂאֻֽ	cc	and
23	עֲוֺנ	עָוֺן	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 יִשָּׂאֻֽ	nsubj	iniquities
24	ֵ֖נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	23 עֲוֺנ	nmod:poss	our
25	כָּ	כְּ	ADP	_	27 ר֥וּחַ	case	like
26	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	27 ר֥וּחַ	det	the
27	ר֥וּחַ	רוּחַ	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 יִשָּׂאֻֽ	obl	wind
28	יִשָּׂאֻֽ	נָשָׂא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 נְּהִ֤י	conj	they
29	נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	28 יִשָּׂאֻֽ	obj	carry us off
30	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	29 נוּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
נְּהִי we have become	wayyiqtol · qal	ָנוּ all
נָּבֶל we have withered	wayyiqtol · qal	ָנוּ all
יִשָּׂאֻֽ they	yiqtol · qal	עֲוֺנ iniquities	נוּ carry us off

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַהֲוֵינָא כִמְסָאָב כּוּלָנָא וְכִלְבוּשׁ מְרָחֵק כָּל זַכְוָתָנָא וּנְתַרְנָא כְּמִתַּר טְרַף כּוּלָנָא וּבְחוֹבָנָא כְּרוּחָא אִתְנְטֵילְנָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And we are all become as one that is unclean, and all our righteousnesses are as a polluted garment; and we all do fade as a leaf, and our iniquities, like the wind, take us away.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:1235.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.64.5/