Isaiah 8:23 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: gloom, former, latter · What happens: be, afflict, deal · To what, where: land, grievous blow, district

This is Isaiah 8:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — gloom, former, latter — and what happens in the verse to land, grievous blow, district, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

כִּ֣י לֹ֣א מוּעָף֮ לַאֲשֶׁ֣ר מוּצָ֣ק לָהּ֒ כָּעֵ֣ת הָרִאשׁ֗וֹן הֵקַ֞ל אַ֤רְצָה זְבֻלוּן֙ וְאַ֣רְצָה נַפְתָּלִ֔י וְהָאַחֲר֖וֹן הִכְבִּ֑יד דֶּ֤רֶךְ הַיָּם֙ עֵ֣בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן גְּלִ֖יל הַגּוֹיִֽם׃

For is there no gloom to her that was stedfast? Now the former hath lightly afflicted the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, but the latter hath dealt a more grievous blow by the way of the sea, beyond the Jordan, in the district of the nations.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

Pragmatics

form

statement

act

assert

voice

character

speech

inside a quote begun earlier

negation

yes

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

אֲרֵי לָא יִשְׁתַּלְהֵי כָּל דְיֵיתֵי לַאֲעָקָא לְהוֹן כְּעִידַן קֳדָמַי גְלוֹ עַם אֲרַע זְבוּלֻן וְעַם אֲרַע נַפְתָּלִי וּשְׁאַרְהוֹן מְלַךְ תַּקִיף יַגְלֵי עַל דְלָא אַדְכַּרוּ גְבוּרַת יַמָא וְנִסֵי יַרְדְנָא קְרַב כְּרַכֵּי עַמְמַיָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

1. For is there no gloom to her that was stedfast?
2. Now the former hath lightly afflicted the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, but the latter hath dealt a more grievous blow by the way of the sea, beyond the Jordan, in the district of the nations.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.8.23/