Isaiah 9:1 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ
Who acts: people · What happens: walk, see, dwell, shin, shadow · To what, where: darkness, great light, land, death
This is Isaiah 9:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — people — and what happens in the verse to darkness, great light, land, death, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
הָעָם֙ הַהֹלְכִ֣ים בַּחֹ֔שֶׁךְ רָא֖וּ א֣וֹר גָּד֑וֹל יֹשְׁבֵי֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ צַלְמָ֔וֶת א֖וֹר נָגַ֥הּ עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | הָ | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 2 עָם֙ | det | the |
| 2 | עָם֙ | עַם | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 8 רָא֖וּ | nsubj | people |
| 3 | הַ | הַ | SCONJ | _ | 4 הֹלְכִ֣ים | mark | [which] |
| 4 | הֹלְכִ֣ים | הָלַךְ | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur | 2 עָם֙ | acl:relcl | walk |
| 5 | בַּ | בְּ | ADP | _ | 7 חֹ֔שֶׁךְ | case | in |
| 6 | ה | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 7 חֹ֔שֶׁךְ | det | the |
| 7 | חֹ֔שֶׁךְ | חֹשֶׁךְ | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 4 הֹלְכִ֣ים | obl | darkness |
| 8 | רָא֖וּ | רָאָה | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3 | root | root | they will see |
| 9 | א֣וֹר | אוֹר | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 רָא֖וּ | obj | a light |
| 10 | גָּד֑וֹל | גָּדוֹל | ADJ | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 9 א֣וֹר | amod | great |
| 11 | יֹשְׁבֵי֙ | יָשַׁב | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur | 16 נָגַ֥הּ | parataxis | [those who] dwell |
| 12 | בְּ | בְּ | ADP | _ | 13 אֶ֣רֶץ | case | in |
| 13 | אֶ֣רֶץ | אֶרֶץ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 יֹשְׁבֵי֙ | obl | a land |
| 14 | צַלְמָ֔וֶת | צַלְמָוֶת | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 13 אֶ֣רֶץ | compound:smixut | of deep darkness |
| 15 | א֖וֹר | אוֹר | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 נָגַ֥הּ | nsubj | a light |
| 16 | נָגַ֥הּ | נָגַהּ | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 8 רָא֖וּ | parataxis | it will shine |
| 17 | עֲלֵי | עַל | ADP | _ | 18 הֶֽם | case | on |
| 18 | הֶֽם | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 נָגַ֥הּ | obl | them |
| 19 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 18 הֶֽם | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- speech
- narration
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| הֹלְכִים walk | participle active · qal | ||||
| רָאוּ they will see | qatal · qal | עָם people | אוֹר a light | ||
| נָגַהּ it will shine | qatal · qal | אוֹר a light |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Jonathan
עַמָא בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל דַהֲווֹ מְהַלְכִין בְּמִצְרַיִם כִּדְבְּקִבְלָא נְפָּקוּ לְמֶחֱזֵי נְהוֹר סַגִי יַתְבִין בְּאַרְעָא טוּלֵימוֹתָא נְהוֹרָא אַזְהַר עֲלֵיהוֹן:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:176.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.9.1/