Isaiah 9:1 · JPS 1917

The people that walked in darkness have seen a great light; they that dwelt in the land of the shadow of death, upon them hath the light shined.

Who acts: people · What happens: walk, see, dwell, shin, shadow · To what, where: darkness, great light, land, death

This is Isaiah 9:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 people	det
2	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 seen	nsubj
3	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 walked	nsubj
4	walked	walk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 people	acl:relcl
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 darkness	case
6	darkness	darkness	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 walked	obl
7	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 seen	aux
8	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 light	det
10	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 light	amod
11	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 seen	obj
12	;	;	PUNCT	_	13 they	punct
13	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	30 shined	nsubj
14	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	15 dwelt	nsubj
15	dwelt	dwell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 they	acl:relcl
16	in	in	ADP	_	18 land	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 land	det
18	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 dwelt	obl
19	of	of	ADP	_	21 shadow	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 shadow	det
21	shadow	shadow	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 land	nmod
22	of	of	ADP	_	23 death	case
23	death	death	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 shadow	nmod
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 shined	punct
25	upon	upon	ADP	_	26 them	case
26	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	30 shined	obl
27	hath	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	30 shined	aux
28	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	29 light	det
29	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 shined	nsubj
30	shined	shin	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	8 seen	parataxis
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 seen	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: pos
teacher: changed voice=narrator

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	walk	past	the people		darkness		vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in darkness=Trajectory
2	see	present · perfect	the people	a great light			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer light=Stimulus
3	dwell	past			the land of the shadow of death		vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in land=Location
4	shin	present · perfect	people			upon them = they	tree rules
5	shadow			death			nom shadow «state transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The Hebrew of this verse

הָעָם֙ הַהֹלְכִ֣ים בַּחֹ֔שֶׁךְ רָא֖וּ א֣וֹר גָּד֑וֹל יֹשְׁבֵי֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ צַלְמָ֔וֶת א֖וֹר נָגַ֥הּ עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃

Isaiah 9:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →

Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:ISA:187 of Mova's parse database.

The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.187/