Judges 1:8 שֹׁפְטִים

Who acts: children · What happens: fight, take, smote, set · To what, where: food, city, fire

This is Judges 1:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — children — and what happens in the verse to food, city, fire, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיִּלָּחֲמ֤וּ בְנֵֽי־יְהוּדָה֙ בִּיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וַיִּלְכְּד֣וּ אוֹתָ֔הּ וַיַּכּ֖וּהָ לְפִי־חָ֑רֶב וְאֶת־הָעִ֖יר שִׁלְּח֥וּ בָאֵֽשׁ׃

And the children of Judah fought against Jerusalem, and took it, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and set the city on fire.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּלָּחֲמ֤וּ	cc	and
2	יִּלָּחֲמ֤וּ	לָחַם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they fought
3	בְנֵֽי־	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 יִּלָּחֲמ֤וּ	nsubj	the descendants
4	יְהוּדָה֙	יְהוּדָה	PROPN	_	3 בְנֵֽי־	compound:smixut	of Judah
5	בִּ	בְּ	ADP	_	6 יר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם	case	against
6	יר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם	יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם	PROPN	_	2 יִּלָּחֲמ֤וּ	obl	Jerusalem
7	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	8 יִּלְכְּד֣וּ	cc	and
8	יִּלְכְּד֣וּ	לָכַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יִּלָּחֲמ֤וּ	conj	they captured
9	אוֹת	אֵת	ADP	_	10 ָ֔הּ	case
10	ָ֔הּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 יִּלְכְּד֣וּ	obj	it
11	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 יַּכּ֖וּ	cc	and
12	יַּכּ֖וּ	נָכָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יִּלָּחֲמ֤וּ	conj	they
13	הָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 יַּכּ֖וּ	obj	struck it down
14	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	15 פִי־	case	to [the]
15	פִי־	פֶּה	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 יַּכּ֖וּ	obl	mouth
16	חָ֑רֶב	חֶרֶב	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	15 פִי־	compound:smixut	of [the] sword
17	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	21 שִׁלְּח֥וּ	cc	and
18	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	20 עִ֖יר	case	(et)
19	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	20 עִ֖יר	det	the
20	עִ֖יר	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	21 שִׁלְּח֥וּ	obj	city
21	שִׁלְּח֥וּ	שָׁלַח	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יִּלָּחֲמ֤וּ	conj	they sent
22	בָ	בְּ	ADP	_	24 אֵֽשׁ	case	in
23	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	24 אֵֽשׁ	det	(the)
24	אֵֽשׁ	אֵשׁ	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 שִׁלְּח֥וּ	obl	fire
25	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	24 אֵֽשׁ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
יִּלָּחֲמוּ they fought	wayyiqtol · niphal	בְנֵֽי־ the descendants
יִּלְכְּדוּ they captured	wayyiqtol · qal	בְנֵֽי־ the descendants	ָהּ it
יַּכּוּ they	wayyiqtol · hiphil	הָ struck it down		בְנֵֽי־ the descendants
שִׁלְּחוּ they sent	qatal · piel	בְנֵֽי־ the descendants	עִיר city

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְאַגִיחוּ קְרָבָא בְנֵי יְהוּדָה בִּירוּשְׁלֵם וּכְבַשׁוּ יָתָהּ וּמְחוֹהָא לְפִתְגַם דְחָרֶב וְיַת קַרְתָּא אוֹקִידוּ בְנוּרָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And the children of Judah fought against Jerusalem, and took it, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and set the city on fire.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JDG:7.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.1.8/