Judges 20:12 שֹׁפְטִים

Who acts: tribes, this · What happens: send, say, be, come, pass · To what, where: men, tribe, wickedness · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Judges 20:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — tribes, this — and what happens in the verse to men, tribe, wickedness, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַֽיִּשְׁלְח֞וּ שִׁבְטֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֲנָשִׁ֔ים בְּכָל־שִׁבְטֵ֥י בִנְיָמִ֖ן לֵאמֹ֑ר מָ֚ה הָרָעָ֣ה הַזֹּ֔את אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִהְיְתָ֖ה בָּכֶֽם׃

And the tribes of Israel sent men through all the tribe of Benjamin, saying: 'What wickedness is this that is come to pass among you?

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּשְׁלְח֞וּ	cc	and
2	יִּשְׁלְח֞וּ	שָׁלַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they sent
3	שִׁבְטֵ֤י	שֵׁבֶט	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 יִּשְׁלְח֞וּ	nsubj	the tribes
4	יִשְׂרָאֵל֙	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	3 שִׁבְטֵ֤י	compound:smixut	of Israel
5	אֲנָשִׁ֔ים	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 יִּשְׁלְח֞וּ	obj	men
6	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	7 כָל־	case	in
7	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יִּשְׁלְח֞וּ	obl	all
8	שִׁבְטֵ֥י	שֵׁבֶט	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	7 כָל־	compound:smixut	the tribes
9	בִנְיָמִ֖ן	בִּנְיָמִן	PROPN	_	8 שִׁבְטֵ֥י	compound:smixut	of Benjamin
10	לֵ	לְ	ADP	ExtPos=SCONJ	12 מָ֚ה	mark	(cmp)
11	אמֹ֑ר	אָמַר	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	10 לֵ	fixed
12	מָ֚ה	מָה	PRON	PronType=Int	2 יִּשְׁלְח֞וּ	advcl	what?
13	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	14 רָעָ֣ה	det	[is] the
14	רָעָ֣ה	רָעָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	12 מָ֚ה	nsubj	evil
15	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	16 זֹּ֔את	det	(the)
16	זֹּ֔את	זֹאת	DET	Gender=Fem Number=Sing PronType=Dem	14 רָעָ֣ה	det	this
17	אֲשֶׁ֥ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	20 ָכֶֽם	mark	which
18	נִהְיְתָ֖ה	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3	20 ָכֶֽם	cop	it has happened
19	בּ	בְּ	ADP	_	20 ָכֶֽם	case	among
20	ָכֶֽם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	14 רָעָ֣ה	acl:relcl	you
21	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	20 ָכֶֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: wh-question
act: ask
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יִּשְׁלְחוּ they sent	wayyiqtol · qal	שִׁבְטֵי the tribes	אֲנָשִׁים men
אמֹר	infinitive construct · qal	שִׁבְטֵי the tribes
נִהְיְתָה it has happened	qatal · niphal	רָעָה evil

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּשְׁלָחוּ שִׁבְטַיָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל גַבְרִין בְּכָל שִׁבְטָא דְבִנְיָמִין לְמֵימָר מַה בִּישְׁתָא הָדָא דַהֲוָת בְּכוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And the tribes of Israel sent men through all the tribe of Benjamin, saying: 'What wickedness is this that is come to pass among you?

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JDG:556.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.12/