Judges 20:3 שֹׁפְטִים

Who acts: children · What happens: hear, go up, say, tell, bring, pass · To what, where: Mizpah, us, wickedness · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Judges 20:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — children — and what happens in the verse to Mizpah, us, wickedness, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַֽיִּשְׁמְעוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י בִנְיָמִ֔ן כִּֽי־עָל֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הַמִּצְפָּ֑ה וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל דַּבְּר֕וּ אֵיכָ֥ה נִהְיְתָ֖ה הָרָעָ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת׃

Now the children of Benjamin heard that the children of Israel were gone up to Mizpah. — And the children of Israel said: 'Tell us, how was this wickedness brought to pass?'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּשְׁמְעוּ֙	cc	and
2	יִּשְׁמְעוּ֙	שָׁמַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they heard
3	בְּנֵ֣י	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 יִּשְׁמְעוּ֙	nsubj	the descendants
4	בִנְיָמִ֔ן	בִּנְיָמִן	PROPN	_	3 בְּנֵ֣י	compound:smixut	of Benjamin
5	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	6 עָל֥וּ	mark	(dm) that
6	עָל֥וּ	עָלָה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יִּשְׁמְעוּ֙	ccomp	they had gone up
7	בְנֵֽי־	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	6 עָל֥וּ	nsubj	the people
8	יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	7 בְנֵֽי־	compound:smixut	of Israel
9	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	10 מִּצְפָּ֑ה	det	(the)
10	מִּצְפָּ֑ה	מִצְפָּה	PROPN	_	6 עָל֥וּ	obl	Mizpah
11	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 יֹּֽאמְרוּ֙	cc	and
12	יֹּֽאמְרוּ֙	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יִּשְׁמְעוּ֙	conj	they said
13	בְּנֵ֣י	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	12 יֹּֽאמְרוּ֙	nsubj	the people
14	יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	13 בְּנֵ֣י	compound:smixut	of Israel
15	דַּבְּר֕וּ	דָבַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Plur Person=2	12 יֹּֽאמְרוּ֙	ccomp	speak
16	אֵיכָ֥ה	אֵיכָה	INTJ	_	17 נִהְיְתָ֖ה	discourse	how?
17	נִהְיְתָ֖ה	הָיָה	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3	15 דַּבְּר֕וּ	ccomp	did it occur
18	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	19 רָעָ֥ה	det	the
19	רָעָ֥ה	רָעָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	17 נִהְיְתָ֖ה	nsubj	evil
20	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	21 זֹּֽאת	det	(the)
21	זֹּֽאת	זֹאת	DET	Gender=Fem Number=Sing PronType=Dem	19 רָעָ֥ה	det	this
22	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	21 זֹּֽאת	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יִּשְׁמְעוּ they heard	wayyiqtol · qal	בְּנֵי the descendants	עָלוּ they had gone up
עָלוּ they had gone up	qatal · qal	בְנֵֽי־ the people
יֹּֽאמְרוּ they said	wayyiqtol · qal	בְּנֵי the people
דַּבְּרוּ speak	imperative · piel	בְּנֵי the descendants
נִהְיְתָה did it occur	qatal · niphal	רָעָה evil

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּשְׁמָעוּ בְּנֵי בִנְיָמִין אֲרֵי סַלִיקוּ בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לְמִצְפַּיָא וַאֲמַרוּ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מַלִילוּ אֵיכְדֵין הֲוַת בִּישָׁתָא הָדָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Now the children of Benjamin heard that the children of Israel were gone up to Mizpah. — And the children of Israel said: 'Tell us, how was this wickedness brought to pass?'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JDG:547.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.3/