Judges 20:38 שֹׁפְטִים

Who acts: liers, great beacon, smoke · What happens: make, rise up, beacon · To what, where: great beacon, city

This is Judges 20:38 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — liers, great beacon, smoke — and what happens in the verse to great beacon, city, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְהַמּוֹעֵ֗ד הָיָ֛ה לְאִ֥ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עִם־הָאֹרֵ֑ב הֶ֕רֶב לְהַעֲלוֹתָ֛ם מַשְׂאַ֥ת הֶעָשָׁ֖ן מִן־הָעִֽיר׃

Now there was an appointed sign between the men of Israel and the liers-in-wait, that they should make a great beacon of smoke rise up out of the city. —

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	6 אִ֥ישׁ	cc	and
2	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	3 מּוֹעֵ֗ד	det	the appointed
3	מּוֹעֵ֗ד	מוֹעֵד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 אִ֥ישׁ	nsubj	signal
4	הָיָ֛ה	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	6 אִ֥ישׁ	cop	[which] it belonged
5	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	6 אִ֥ישׁ	case	to
6	אִ֥ישׁ	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	root	root	the man
7	יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	6 אִ֥ישׁ	compound:smixut	of Israel
8	עִם־	עִם	ADP	_	10 אֹרֵ֑ב	case	with
9	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	10 אֹרֵ֑ב	det	the
10	אֹרֵ֑ב	אָרַב	NOUN	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	6 אִ֥ישׁ	obl	ambusher
11	הֶ֕רֶב	רָבָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=2	6 אִ֥ישׁ	parataxis	[was] do much
12	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	13 הַעֲלוֹת	case	they
13	הַעֲלוֹת	עָלָה	VERB	HebBinyan=HIPHIL	11 הֶ֕רֶב	advcl	to
14	ָ֛ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 הַעֲלוֹת	nsubj	cause to go up
15	מַשְׂאַ֥ת	מַשְׂאֵת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	13 הַעֲלוֹת	obj	the rising
16	הֶ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	17 עָשָׁ֖ן	det	of
17	עָשָׁ֖ן	עָשָׁן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 מַשְׂאַ֥ת	compound:smixut	the smoke
18	מִן־	מִן	ADP	_	20 עִֽיר	case	from
19	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	20 עִֽיר	det	the
20	עִֽיר	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	13 הַעֲלוֹת	obl	city
21	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	20 עִֽיר	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: speech with no frame
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	who makes it happen (AA)
הָיָה [which] it belonged	qatal · qal	מּוֹעֵד signal
הֶרֶב [was] do much	imperative · hiphil
הַעֲלוֹת to	infinitive construct · hiphil	מַשְׂאַת the rising	ָם cause to go up

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְזִמְנָא הֲוָה מְתַקֵן לֶאֱנַשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל עִם כְּמָנָא דְיִסְגוּן לְאַסָקוּתְהוֹן יְטוּר דִתְנָן מִן קַרְתָּא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Now there was an appointed sign between the men of Israel and the liers-in-wait, that they should make a great beacon of smoke rise up out of the city. —

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JDG:582.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.38/