Judges 20:39 שֹׁפְטִים

Who acts: men, Benjamin, persons · What happens: turn, begin, smite, kill, say, smite down · To what, where: battle, thirty persons, persons, first battle · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Judges 20:39 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — men, Benjamin, persons — and what happens in the verse to battle, thirty persons, persons, first battle, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיַּהֲפֹ֥ךְ אִֽישׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וּבִנְיָמִ֡ן הֵחֵל֩ לְהַכּ֨וֹת חֲלָלִ֤ים בְּאִֽישׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ כִּשְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים אִ֔ישׁ כִּ֣י אָמְר֔וּ אַךְ֩ נִגּ֨וֹף נִגָּ֥ף הוּא֙ לְפָנֵ֔ינוּ כַּמִּלְחָמָ֖ה הָרִאשֹׁנָֽה׃

And the men of Israel turned in the battle, and Benjamin began to smite and kill of the men of Israel about thirty persons; for they said: 'Surely they are smitten down before us, as in the first battle.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יַּהֲפֹ֥ךְ	cc	and
2	יַּהֲפֹ֥ךְ	הָפַךְ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he turned
3	אִֽישׁ־	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יַּהֲפֹ֥ךְ	nsubj	the man
4	יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	3 אִֽישׁ־	compound:smixut	of Israel
5	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	7 מִּלְחָמָ֑ה	case	in
6	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	7 מִּלְחָמָ֑ה	det	the
7	מִּלְחָמָ֑ה	מִלְחָמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	2 יַּהֲפֹ֥ךְ	obl	battle
8	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 הֵחֵל֩	cc	and
9	בִנְיָמִ֡ן	בִּנְיָמִן	PROPN	_	10 הֵחֵל֩	nsubj	Benjamin
10	הֵחֵל֩	חָלַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַּהֲפֹ֥ךְ	conj	it began
11	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	12 הַכּ֨וֹת	case	to
12	הַכּ֨וֹת	נָכָה	VERB	HebBinyan=HIPHIL	10 הֵחֵל֩	xcomp	strike down
13	חֲלָלִ֤ים	חָלָל	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	12 הַכּ֨וֹת	obj	fatally wounded
14	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	15 אִֽישׁ־	case	among
15	אִֽישׁ־	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 הַכּ֨וֹת	obl	the man
16	יִשְׂרָאֵל֙	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	15 אִֽישׁ־	compound:smixut	of Israel
17	כִּ	כְּ	ADP	_	19 אִ֔ישׁ	case	about
18	שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים	שָׁלֹשׁ	NUM	Number=Plur	19 אִ֔ישׁ	nummod	thirty
19	אִ֔ישׁ	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 הַכּ֨וֹת	obl	man
20	כִּ֣י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	21 אָמְר֔וּ	mark	(dm)
21	אָמְר֔וּ	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יַּהֲפֹ֥ךְ	advcl	they said
22	אַךְ֩	אַךְ	ADV	_	24 נִגָּ֥ף	advmod	surely
23	נִגּ֨וֹף	נָגַף	VERB	HebBinyan=NIPHAL	24 נִגָּ֥ף	obl:npmod	totally (defeated)
24	נִגָּ֥ף	נָגַף	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing	21 אָמְר֔וּ	ccomp	[is] defeated
25	הוּא֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 נִגָּ֥ף	nsubj	it
26	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	27 פָנֵ֔י	case	before
27	פָנֵ֔י	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 נִגָּ֥ף	obl
28	נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	27 פָנֵ֔י	nmod:poss	us
29	כַּ	כְּ	ADP	_	31 מִּלְחָמָ֖ה	case	like
30	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	31 מִּלְחָמָ֖ה	det	the
31	מִּלְחָמָ֖ה	מִלְחָמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	24 נִגָּ֥ף	obl	battle
32	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	33 רִאשֹׁנָֽה	det	(the)
33	רִאשֹׁנָֽה	רִאשׁוֹן	ADJ	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	31 מִּלְחָמָ֖ה	amod	first
34	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	33 רִאשֹׁנָֽה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
יַּהֲפֹךְ he turned	wayyiqtol · qal	אִֽישׁ־ the man
הֵחֵל it began	qatal · hiphil	בִנְיָמִן Benjamin
הַכּוֹת strike down	infinitive construct · hiphil	חֲלָלִים fatally wounded		בִנְיָמִן Benjamin
אָמְרוּ they said	qatal · qal	בִנְיָמִן Benjamin
נִגָּף [is] defeated	participle active · niphal		הוּא it

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְאִתְחֲזַר אֱנַשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל בִּקְרָבָא וּדְבֵית בִּנְיָמִין שְׁרִיאוּ לְקַטָלָא קְטִילַיָא בֶאֱנַשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל כִּתְלָתִין גַבְרָא אֲרֵי אֲמַרוּ בְּרַם מִתְּבַר תְּבִירִין אִנוּן קֳדָמָנָא כִּקְרָבָא קַדְמָאָה:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And the men of Israel turned in the battle, and Benjamin began to smite and kill of the men of Israel about thirty persons; for they said: 'Surely they are smitten down before us, as in the first battle.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JDG:583.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.39/