Judges 9:53 שֹׁפְטִים

Who acts: certain woman · What happens: cast, break · To what, where: upper millstone, head, skull

This is Judges 9:53 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — certain woman — and what happens in the verse to upper millstone, head, skull, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַתַּשְׁלֵ֞ךְ אִשָּׁ֥ה אַחַ֛ת פֶּ֥לַח רֶ֖כֶב עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ אֲבִימֶ֑לֶךְ וַתָּ֖רִץ אֶת־גֻּלְגָּלְתּֽוֹ׃

And a certain woman cast an upper millstone upon Abimelech's head, and broke his skull.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 תַּשְׁלֵ֞ךְ	cc	and
2	תַּשְׁלֵ֞ךְ	שָׁלַךְ	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	she threw
3	אִשָּׁ֥ה	אִשָּׁה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	2 תַּשְׁלֵ֞ךְ	nsubj	a woman
4	אַחַ֛ת	אֶחָד	NUM	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	3 אִשָּׁ֥ה	nummod	one
5	פֶּ֥לַח	פֶּלַח	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	2 תַּשְׁלֵ֞ךְ	obj	a mill-stone
6	רֶ֖כֶב	רֶכֶב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 פֶּ֥לַח	compound:smixut	of an upper mill-stone
7	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	8 רֹ֣אשׁ	case	on
8	רֹ֣אשׁ	רֹאשׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 תַּשְׁלֵ֞ךְ	obl	the head
9	אֲבִימֶ֑לֶךְ	אֲבִימֶלֶךְ	PROPN	_	8 רֹ֣אשׁ	compound:smixut	of Abimelech
10	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	11 תָּ֖רִץ	cc	and
11	תָּ֖רִץ	רָצַץ	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	2 תַּשְׁלֵ֞ךְ	conj	she crushed
12	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	13 גֻּלְגָּלְתּ	case	(et)
13	גֻּלְגָּלְתּ	גֻּלְגֹּלֶת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	11 תָּ֖רִץ	obj	skull
14	ֽוֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 גֻּלְגָּלְתּ	nmod:poss	his
15	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	14 ֽוֹ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
תַּשְׁלֵךְ she threw	wayyiqtol · hiphil	פֶּלַח a mill-stone			אִשָּׁה a woman
תָּרִץ she crushed	wayyiqtol · hiphil	גֻּלְגָּלְתּ skull			אִשָּׁה a woman

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּרְמַת אִתְּתָא חֲדָא פַּלְגוּת רְכַב רְחַיָא עַל רֵישָׁא דַאֲבִימֶלֶךְ וְרַעַת יַת גוּלְגַלְתֵּיהּ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And a certain woman cast an upper millstone upon Abimelech's head, and broke his skull.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JDG:297.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.9.53/