Jeremiah 16:4 יִרְמְיָהוּ

Who acts: sons, sword, carcasses · What happens: die, not lament, bury, be, consume · To what, where: sons, meat

This is Jeremiah 16:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — sons, sword, carcasses — and what happens in the verse to sons, meat, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

מְמוֹתֵ֨י תַחֲלֻאִ֜ים יָמֻ֗תוּ לֹ֤א יִסָּֽפְדוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א יִקָּבֵ֔רוּ לְדֹ֛מֶן עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָ֖ה יִֽהְי֑וּ וּבַחֶ֤רֶב וּבָֽרָעָב֙ יִכְל֔וּ וְהָיְתָ֤ה נִבְלָתָם֙ לְמַאֲכָ֔ל לְע֥וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וּלְבֶהֱמַ֥ת הָאָֽרֶץ׃ס

They shall die of grievous deaths; they shall not be lamented, neither shall they be buried, they shall be as dung upon the face of the ground; and they shall be consumed by the sword, and by famine; and their carcasses shall be meat for the fowls of heaven, and for the beasts of the earth.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	מְמוֹתֵ֨י	מְמֹותִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	3 יָמֻ֗תוּ	obl	deaths
2	תַחֲלֻאִ֜ים	תַּחֲלֻאִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	1 מְמוֹתֵ֨י	compound:smixut	of diseases
3	יָמֻ֗תוּ	מוּת	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they will die
4	לֹ֤א	לֹא	ADV	_	5 יִסָּֽפְדוּ֙	advmod	not
5	יִסָּֽפְדוּ֙	סָפַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3	3 יָמֻ֗תוּ	parataxis	they will be mourned
6	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	8 יִקָּבֵ֔רוּ	cc	and
7	לֹ֣א	לֹא	ADV	_	8 יִקָּבֵ֔רוּ	advmod	not
8	יִקָּבֵ֔רוּ	קָבַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3	5 יִסָּֽפְדוּ֙	conj	they will be buried
9	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	10 דֹ֛מֶן	case	(into)
10	דֹ֛מֶן	דֹּמֶן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	3 יָמֻ֗תוּ	parataxis	dung
11	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	12 פְּנֵ֥י	case	on
12	פְּנֵ֥י	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 דֹ֛מֶן	obl	the surface
13	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	14 אֲדָמָ֖ה	det	of
14	אֲדָמָ֖ה	אֲדָמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	12 פְּנֵ֥י	compound:smixut	the ground
15	יִֽהְי֑וּ	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	10 דֹ֛מֶן	cop	they will become
16	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	24 יִכְל֔וּ	cc	and
17	בַ	בְּ	ADP	_	19 חֶ֤רֶב	case	by
18	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	19 חֶ֤רֶב	det	the
19	חֶ֤רֶב	חֶרֶב	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	24 יִכְל֔וּ	obl	sword
20	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	23 רָעָב֙	cc	and
21	בָֽ	בְּ	ADP	_	23 רָעָב֙	case	by
22	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	23 רָעָב֙	det	(the)
23	רָעָב֙	רָעָב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	19 חֶ֤רֶב	conj	famine
24	יִכְל֔וּ	כָּלָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	3 יָמֻ֗תוּ	conj	they will come to an end
25	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	30 מַאֲכָ֔ל	cc	and
26	הָיְתָ֤ה	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	30 מַאֲכָ֔ל	cop	it will become
27	נִבְלָת	נְבֵלָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	30 מַאֲכָ֔ל	nsubj	corpse[s]
28	ָם֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 נִבְלָת	nmod:poss	their
29	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	30 מַאֲכָ֔ל	case	(into)
30	מַאֲכָ֔ל	מַאֲכָל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	24 יִכְל֔וּ	conj	food
31	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	32 ע֥וֹף	case	for
32	ע֥וֹף	עוֹף	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	30 מַאֲכָ֔ל	obl	the bird[s]
33	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	34 שָּׁמַ֖יִם	det	of
34	שָּׁמַ֖יִם	שָׁמַיִם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	32 ע֥וֹף	compound:smixut	the heavens
35	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	37 בֶהֱמַ֥ת	cc	and
36	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	37 בֶהֱמַ֥ת	case	for
37	בֶהֱמַ֥ת	בְּהֵמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	32 ע֥וֹף	conj	the animal[s]
38	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	39 אָֽרֶץ	det	of
39	אָֽרֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 בֶהֱמַ֥ת	compound:smixut	the earth
40	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	39 אָֽרֶץ	punct
41	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	39 אָֽרֶץ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
יָמֻתוּ they will die	yiqtol · qal
not יִסָּֽפְדוּ they will be mourned	yiqtol · niphal
not יִקָּבֵרוּ they will be buried	yiqtol · niphal
יִֽהְיוּ they will become	yiqtol · qal
יִכְלוּ they will come to an end	yiqtol · qal
הָיְתָה it will become	weqatal · qal	נִבְלָת corpse[s]

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

מְמָת מְמַרְעֵי כְפַן יְמוּתוּן לָא יִסְתַּפֵּדוּן וְלָא יִתְקַבְּרוּן לִזְבַל מְבַדֵר עַל אַפֵּי אַרְעָא יְהוֹן וּבְחַרְבָּא וּבְכַּפְנָא יְסוּפוּן וּתְהֵי נְבַלְתְּהוֹן מְשַׁגְרָא לְמֵיכַל לְעוֹפָא דִשְׁמַיָא וְלִבְעִירָא דְאַרְעָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

They shall die of grievous deaths; they shall not be lamented, neither shall they be buried, they shall be as dung upon the face of the ground; and they shall be consumed by the sword, and by famine; and their carcasses shall be meat for the fowls of heaven, and for the beasts of the earth.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JER:392.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.16.4/