Jeremiah 2:3 יִרְמְיָהוּ
Who acts: Israel, evil, LORD · What happens: be, devour, hold, come, say · To what, where: hallowed portion, LORD, all · Speech: someone speaks in this verse
This is Jeremiah 2:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Israel, evil, LORD — and what happens in the verse to hallowed portion, LORD, all, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
קֹ֤דֶשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לַיהוָ֔ה רֵאשִׁ֖ית תְּבוּאָתֹ֑הכָּל־אֹכְלָ֣יו יֶאְשָׁ֔מוּ רָעָ֛ה תָּבֹ֥א אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃פ
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | קֹ֤דֶשׁ | קֹדֶשׁ | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | root | root | [was] a holy thing |
| 2 | יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ | יִשְׂרָאֵל | PROPN | _ | 1 קֹ֤דֶשׁ | nsubj | Israel |
| 3 | לַ | לְ | ADP | _ | 4 יהוָ֔ה | case | to |
| 4 | יהוָ֔ה | יהוה | PROPN | _ | 1 קֹ֤דֶשׁ | obl | Yahweh |
| 5 | רֵאשִׁ֖ית | רֵאשִׁית | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 1 קֹ֤דֶשׁ | parataxis | the beginning |
| 6 | תְּבוּאָת | תְּבוּאָה | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 5 רֵאשִׁ֖ית | compound:smixut | his produce |
| 7 | ֹ֑ה | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 תְּבוּאָת | nmod:poss | his |
| 8 | כָּל־ | כֹּל | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 11 יֶאְשָׁ֔מוּ | nsubj | all |
| 9 | אֹכְלָ֣י | אָכַל | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur | 8 כָּל־ | compound:smixut | [those |
| 10 | ו | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 אֹכְלָ֣י | nmod:poss | who] devour it |
| 11 | יֶאְשָׁ֔מוּ | אָשַׁם | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3 | 1 קֹ֤דֶשׁ | parataxis | they will be held guilty |
| 12 | רָעָ֛ה | רָעָה | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 13 תָּבֹ֥א | nsubj | calamity |
| 13 | תָּבֹ֥א | בּוֹא | VERB | Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 1 קֹ֤דֶשׁ | parataxis | it will come |
| 14 | אֲלֵי | אֶל | ADP | _ | 15 הֶ֖ם | case | to |
| 15 | הֶ֖ם | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 תָּבֹ֥א | obl | them |
| 16 | נְאֻם־ | נְאֻם | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 1 קֹ֤דֶשׁ | parataxis | the utterance |
| 17 | יְהוָֽה | יהוה | PROPN | _ | 16 נְאֻם־ | compound:smixut | of Yahweh |
| 18 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 17 יְהוָֽה | punct | |
| 19 | פ | פ | PUNCT | _ | 17 יְהוָֽה | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| אֹכְלָי [those | participle active · qal | ו who] devour it | |||
| יֶאְשָׁמוּ they will be held guilty | yiqtol · qal | אֹכְלָי [those | |||
| תָּבֹא it will come | yiqtol · qal | רָעָה calamity |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Jonathan
קוּדְשַׁיָא אִינוּן בֵית יִשְׂרָאֵל קֳדָם יְיָ וְעַל בָּזְזֵיהוֹן כְּדִמְעָה אֲרָמוּת עַלְלָא דְמַן דָאָכַל מִנֵיהּ חַיָב לְמֵימַת וּכְשִׁירוּ חֲצַד עוֹמָר אֲרָמוּתָא דְעַד לָא מְקָרְבִין מִנֵיהּ כַּהֲנַיָא בְּנֵי אַהֲרֹן קוּרְבְּנַיָא עַל מַדְבְּחָא מַן דְּאָכִיל מִנֵיהּ מִתְחַיֵב אַף כֵּן כָּל בָּזְוֵיהוֹן דְבֵית יִשְׂרָאֵל יְחוֹבוּן בִּישְׁתָא תֵיתֵי עֲלֵיהוֹן אֲמַר יְיָ:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:JER:21.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.2.3/