Jeremiah 2:31 יִרְמְיָהוּ

Who acts: ye, I, people, We · What happens: see, be, word, say, roam, come · To what, where: word, wilderness, LORD, large · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Jeremiah 2:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — ye, I, people, We — and what happens in the verse to word, wilderness, LORD, large, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

הַדּ֗וֹר אַתֶּם֙ רְא֣וּ דְבַר־יְהוָ֔ה הֲמִדְבָּ֤ר הָיִ֙יתִי֙ לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אִ֛ם אֶ֥רֶץ מַאְפֵּ֖לְיָ֑ה מַדּ֜וּעַ אָמְר֤וּ עַמִּי֙ רַ֔דְנוּ לֽוֹא־נָב֥וֹא ע֖וֹד אֵלֶֽיךָ׃

O generation, see ye the word of the LORD: have I been a wilderness unto Israel? or a land of thick darkness? Wherefore say My people: 'We roam at large; we will come no more unto Thee'?

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	2 דּ֗וֹר	det	O
2	דּ֗וֹר	דּוֹר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 רְא֣וּ	dislocated	generation
3	אַתֶּם֙	אַתֶּם	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 רְא֣וּ	nsubj	you
4	רְא֣וּ	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	root	root	consider
5	דְבַר־	דָּבָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 רְא֣וּ	obj	the word
6	יְהוָ֔ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	5 דְבַר־	compound:smixut	of Yahweh
7	הֲ	הֲ	PART	_	8 מִדְבָּ֤ר	advmod	a
8	מִדְבָּ֤ר	מִדְבָּר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 רְא֣וּ	parataxis	wilderness?
9	הָיִ֙יתִי֙	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	8 מִדְבָּ֤ר	cop	have I been
10	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	11 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל	case	to
11	יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	8 מִדְבָּ֤ר	obl	Israel
12	אִ֛ם	אִם	SCONJ	_	13 אֶ֥רֶץ	mark	or?
13	אֶ֥רֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 מִדְבָּ֤ר	parataxis	a land
14	מַאְפֵּ֖לְיָ֑ה	מַאְפֵּלְיָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	13 אֶ֥רֶץ	compound:smixut	of darkness
15	מַדּ֜וּעַ	מַדּוּעַ	ADV	_	16 אָמְר֤וּ	advmod	why?
16	אָמְר֤וּ	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	4 רְא֣וּ	parataxis	have they said
17	עַמּ	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 אָמְר֤וּ	nsubj	people
18	ִי֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	17 עַמּ	nmod:poss	my
19	רַ֔דְנוּ	רוּד	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	16 אָמְר֤וּ	ccomp	we have roamed freely
20	לֽוֹא־	לֹא	ADV	_	21 נָב֥וֹא	advmod	not
21	נָב֥וֹא	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	19 רַ֔דְנוּ	parataxis	we will come
22	ע֖וֹד	עוֹד	ADV	_	21 נָב֥וֹא	advmod	again
23	אֵלֶֽי	אֶל	ADP	_	24 ךָ	case	to
24	ךָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	21 נָב֥וֹא	obl	you
25	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	24 ךָ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · assert · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
רְאוּ consider	imperative · qal	אַתֶּם you	דְבַר־ the word
הָיִיתִי have I been	qatal · qal	יְהוָה of Yahweh
אָמְרוּ have they said	qatal · qal	עַמּ people	רַדְנוּ we have roamed freely + נָבוֹא we will come
רַדְנוּ we have roamed freely	qatal · qal	עַמּ people
not נָבוֹא we will come	yiqtol · qal	עַמּ people

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

עַם דָרָא אַתּוּן קַבִּילוּ פִּתְגָמָא דַייָ הָא כְּמִדְבָּר צָדֵי דְלֵית בֵּיהּ הֲנָאָה וַהֲוָה מֵימְרִי לְיִשְׂרָאֵל אִם כַּאֲרַע חוּרְבָּא מַה דֵין אֲמָרוּ עַמִי אִטַלְטֵילְנָא לָא נְתוּב עוֹד לְפוּלְחָנָךְ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JER:49.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.2.31/