Jeremiah 2:31 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2
O generation, see ye the word of the LORD: have I been a wilderness unto Israel? or a land of thick darkness?
Who acts: ye, I · What happens: see, be, word · To what, where: word, wilderness, LORD
This is Jeremiah 2:31 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ye, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | O | o | INTJ | _ | 2 generation | discourse |
| 2 | generation | generation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 see | vocative |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 generation | punct |
| 4 | see | see | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 4 see | nsubj |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 word | det |
| 7 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 see | obj |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 LORD | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 LORD | det |
| 10 | LORD | LORD | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 word | nmod |
| 11 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 4 see | punct |
| 12 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 wilderness | aux |
| 13 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 16 wilderness | nsubj |
| 14 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 16 wilderness | cop |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 wilderness | det |
| 16 | wilderness | wilderness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 see | parataxis |
| 17 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 18 Israel | case |
| 18 | Israel | Israel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 wilderness | nmod |
| 19 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 see | punct |
| 20 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 22 land | cc |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 land | det |
| 22 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 wilderness | conj |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 darkness | case |
| 24 | thick | thick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 darkness | amod |
| 25 | darkness | darkness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 land | nmod |
| 26 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 16 wilderness | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- wh-question
- act
- ask
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed voice=character
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | infinitive | ye | the word of the LORD | generation | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer word=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | is a | present · perfect | I | a wilderness or a land of thick darkness | unto Israel | tree rules | |||
| 3 | word | the LORD | nom word «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
הַדּ֗וֹר אַתֶּם֙ רְא֣וּ דְבַר־יְהוָ֔ה הֲמִדְבָּ֤ר הָיִ֙יתִי֙ לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אִ֛ם אֶ֥רֶץ מַאְפֵּ֖לְיָ֑ה מַדּ֜וּעַ אָמְר֤וּ עַמִּי֙ רַ֔דְנוּ לֽוֹא־נָב֥וֹא ע֖וֹד אֵלֶֽיךָ׃
Jeremiah 2:31: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
This verse in JPS 1917:
- O generation, see ye the word of the LORD: have I been a wilderness unto Israel? or a land of thick darkness?
- Wherefore say My people: 'We roam at large; we will come no more unto Thee'?
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:JER:57 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.57/