Jeremiah 23:12 יִרְמְיָהוּ
Who acts: way, I, LORD, prophets · What happens: be, thrust, fall, bring, say, visit · To what, where: prophets, evil · Speech: someone speaks in this verse
This is Jeremiah 23:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — way, I, LORD, prophets — and what happens in the verse to prophets, evil, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
לָכֵן֩ יִֽהְיֶ֨ה דַרְכָּ֜ם לָהֶ֗ם כַּחֲלַקְלַקּוֹת֙ בָּֽאֲפֵלָ֔ה יִדַּ֖חוּ וְנָ֣פְלוּ בָ֑הּ כִּֽי־אָבִ֨יא עֲלֵיהֶ֥ם רָעָ֛ה שְׁנַ֥ת פְּקֻדָּתָ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | לָ | לָכֵן | ADP | _ | 2 כֵן֩ | case | therefore |
| 2 | כֵן֩ | כֵּן | ADV | _ | root | root | |
| 3 | יִֽהְיֶ֨ה | הָיָה | AUX | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 7 ָהֶ֗ם | cop | it will become |
| 4 | דַרְכּ | דֶּרֶךְ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 ָהֶ֗ם | nsubj | path |
| 5 | ָ֜ם | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 דַרְכּ | nmod:poss | their |
| 6 | ל | לְ | ADP | _ | 7 ָהֶ֗ם | case | for |
| 7 | ָהֶ֗ם | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 כֵן֩ | parataxis | them |
| 8 | כַּ | כְּ | ADP | _ | 9 חֲלַקְלַקּוֹת֙ | case | like |
| 9 | חֲלַקְלַקּוֹת֙ | חֲלַקְלַקּוֹת | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Plur | 7 ָהֶ֗ם | obl | slippery places |
| 10 | בָּֽ | בְּ | ADP | _ | 12 אֲפֵלָ֔ה | case | in |
| 11 | ה | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 12 אֲפֵלָ֔ה | det | the |
| 12 | אֲפֵלָ֔ה | אֲפֵלָה | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 13 יִדַּ֖חוּ | obl | darkness |
| 13 | יִדַּ֖חוּ | דָּחַח | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3 | 2 כֵן֩ | parataxis | they will be pushed down |
| 14 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 15 נָ֣פְלוּ | cc | and |
| 15 | נָ֣פְלוּ | נָפַל | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3 | 2 כֵן֩ | conj | they will fall |
| 16 | ב | בְּ | ADP | _ | 17 ָ֑הּ | case | on |
| 17 | ָ֑הּ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 נָ֣פְלוּ | obl | it |
| 18 | כִּֽי־ | כִּי | SCONJ | _ | 19 אָבִ֨יא | mark | (dm) |
| 19 | אָבִ֨יא | בּוֹא | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=1 | 2 כֵן֩ | advcl | I will bring |
| 20 | עֲלֵי | עַל | ADP | _ | 21 הֶ֥ם | case | on |
| 21 | הֶ֥ם | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 אָבִ֨יא | obl | them |
| 22 | רָעָ֛ה | רָעָה | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 19 אָבִ֨יא | obj | calamity |
| 23 | שְׁנַ֥ת | שָׁנָה | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 19 אָבִ֨יא | obl | the year |
| 24 | פְּקֻדָּת | פְּקֻדָּה | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 23 שְׁנַ֥ת | compound:smixut | their punishment |
| 25 | ָ֖ם | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 פְּקֻדָּת | nmod:poss | their |
| 26 | נְאֻם־ | נְאֻם | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 2 כֵן֩ | parataxis | the utterance |
| 27 | יְהוָֽה | יהוה | PROPN | _ | 26 נְאֻם־ | compound:smixut | of Yahweh |
| 28 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 27 יְהוָֽה | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| יִֽהְיֶה it will become | yiqtol · qal | דַרְכּ path | |||
| יִדַּחוּ they will be pushed down | yiqtol · niphal | ||||
| נָפְלוּ they will fall | weqatal · qal | ||||
| אָבִיא I will bring | yiqtol · hiphil | רָעָה calamity |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Jonathan
בְּכֵן תְּהֵי אוֹרְחַתְהוֹן לָהוֹן כְּמַשְׁרוֹעִין בְּקִבְלָא יִתְקְלוּן וְיִפְּלוּן בָּהּ אֲרֵי אַיְתֵי עֲלֵיהוֹן בִּישְׁתָא שְׁנַת סְעוֹרָן חוֹבֵיהוֹן אֲמַר יְיָ:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:JER:548.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.23.12/