Jeremiah 31:15 יִרְמְיָהוּ

Who acts: LORD, Rachel · What happens: say, hear, weep, refuse, not comfort · To what, where: voice, Ramah · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Jeremiah 31:15 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, Rachel — and what happens in the verse to voice, Ramah, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה ק֣וֹל בְּרָמָ֤ה נִשְׁמָע֙ נְהִי֙ בְּכִ֣י תַמְרוּרִ֔ים רָחֵ֖ל מְבַכָּ֣ה עַל־בָּנֶ֑יהָ מֵאֲנָ֛ה לְהִנָּחֵ֥ם עַל־בָּנֶ֖יהָ כִּ֥י אֵינֶֽנּוּ׃ס

Thus saith the LORD: A voice is heard in Ramah, lamentation, and bitter weeping, Rachel weeping for her children; she refuseth to be comforted for her children, because they are not.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	כֹּ֣ה	כֹּה	ADV	_	3 אָמַ֣ר	advmod	thus
2	׀	׀	PUNCT	_	1 כֹּ֣ה	punct
3	אָמַ֣ר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he says
4	יְהוָ֗ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	3 אָמַ֣ר	nsubj	Yahweh
5	ק֣וֹל	קוֹל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 נִשְׁמָע֙	nsubj	a voice
6	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	7 רָמָ֤ה	case	in
7	רָמָ֤ה	רָמָה	PROPN	_	8 נִשְׁמָע֙	obl	Ramah
8	נִשְׁמָע֙	שָׁמַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing	3 אָמַ֣ר	ccomp	[is] heard
9	נְהִי֙	נְהִי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 נִשְׁמָע֙	parataxis	a wailing
10	בְּכִ֣י	בְּכִי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 נְהִי֙	conj	weeping
11	תַמְרוּרִ֔ים	תַּמְרוּרִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	10 בְּכִ֣י	compound:smixut	of bitterness(es)
12	רָחֵ֖ל	רָחֵל	PROPN	_	13 מְבַכָּ֣ה	nsubj	Rachel
13	מְבַכָּ֣ה	בָּכָה	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing	8 נִשְׁמָע֙	parataxis	[is] weeping
14	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	15 בָּנֶ֑י	case	on
15	בָּנֶ֑י	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	13 מְבַכָּ֣ה	obl	children
16	הָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 בָּנֶ֑י	nmod:poss	her
17	מֵאֲנָ֛ה	מָאֵן	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	8 נִשְׁמָע֙	parataxis	she has refused
18	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	19 הִנָּחֵ֥ם	case	to
19	הִנָּחֵ֥ם	נָחַם	VERB	HebBinyan=NIPHAL	17 מֵאֲנָ֛ה	xcomp	be comforted
20	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	21 בָּנֶ֖י	case	on
21	בָּנֶ֖י	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	19 הִנָּחֵ֥ם	obl	children
22	הָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 בָּנֶ֖י	nmod:poss	her
23	כִּ֥י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	24 אֵינ	mark	(dm)
24	אֵינ	אַיִן	ADV	_	8 נִשְׁמָע֙	advcl	he [is]
25	ֶֽנּוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 אֵינ	nsubj	not
26	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	25 ֶֽנּוּ	punct
27	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	25 ֶֽנּוּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · assert · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
אָמַר he says	qatal · qal	יְהוָה Yahweh
not נִשְׁמָע [is] heard	participle passive · niphal		קוֹל a voice
מְבַכָּה [is] weeping	participle active · piel	רָחֵל Rachel
מֵאֲנָה she has refused	qatal · piel	רָחֵל Rachel
הִנָּחֵם be comforted	infinitive construct · niphal		רָחֵל Rachel

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

כִּדְנַן אֲמַר יְיָ קָלָא בְרוּם עַלְמָא אִשְׁתְּמַע בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל דְבָכָן וּמִתְאַנְחָן בָּתַר יִרְמְיָה נְבִיָא כַּד שְׁלַח יָתֵיהּ נְבוּזַרְאֲדָן רַב קָטוֹלַיָא מֵרָמָתָא אִלְיָא וּדְבָכָן בִּמְרַר יְרוּשְׁלֵם מְבַכְיָא עַל בְּנָהָא מְסַרְבָא לְאִתְנֶחָמָא עַל בְּנָהָא אֲרֵי גְלוֹ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Thus saith the LORD: A voice is heard in Ramah, lamentation, and bitter weeping, Rachel weeping for her children; she refuseth to be comforted for her children, because they are not.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JER:758.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.31.15/