Jeremiah 31:15 · JPS 1917
Thus saith the LORD: A voice is heard in Ramah, lamentation, and bitter weeping, Rachel weeping for her children; she refuseth to be comforted for her children, because they are not.
Who acts: LORD, Rachel · What happens: say, hear, weep, refuse, not comfort · To what, where: voice, Ramah · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Jeremiah 31:15 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, Rachel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Thus | thus | ADV | _ | 2 saith | advmod |
| 2 | saith | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 LORD | det |
| 4 | LORD | LORD | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 saith | nsubj |
| 5 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 9 heard | punct |
| 6 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 voice | det |
| 7 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 heard | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 heard | aux:pass |
| 9 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 saith | ccomp |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 Ramah | case |
| 11 | Ramah | Ramah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 heard | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 lamentation | punct |
| 13 | lamentation | lamentation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 voice | appos |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 weeping | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 weeping | cc |
| 16 | bitter | bitter | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 weeping | amod |
| 17 | weeping | weeping | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 voice | conj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 Rachel | punct |
| 19 | Rachel | Rachel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 weeping | nsubj |
| 20 | weeping | weep | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 voice | acl |
| 21 | for | for | ADP | _ | 23 children | case |
| 22 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 children | nmod:poss |
| 23 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 weeping | obl |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 refuseth | punct |
| 25 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 refuseth | nsubj |
| 26 | refuseth | refuse | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 saith | parataxis |
| 27 | to | to | PART | _ | 29 comforted | mark |
| 28 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 29 comforted | aux:pass |
| 29 | comforted | comfort | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 refuseth | xcomp |
| 30 | for | for | ADP | _ | 32 children | case |
| 31 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 children | nmod:poss |
| 32 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 comforted | obl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 are | punct |
| 34 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 36 are | mark |
| 35 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 are | nsubj |
| 36 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 comforted | advcl |
| 37 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 36 are | advmod |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 saith | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | the LORD | thus property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | hear | present · passive | a voice and bitter weeping | Ramah | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | weep | gerund | Rachel | a voice and bitter weeping not said here | for Rachel's children | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent voice=Theme | |||
| 4 | refuse | present | Rachel | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 5 | not comfort | to-infinitive · passive | Rachel not said here | for Rachel's children | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה ק֣וֹל בְּרָמָ֤ה נִשְׁמָע֙ נְהִי֙ בְּכִ֣י תַמְרוּרִ֔ים רָחֵ֖ל מְבַכָּ֣ה עַל־בָּנֶ֑יהָ מֵאֲנָ֛ה לְהִנָּחֵ֥ם עַל־בָּנֶ֖יהָ כִּ֥י אֵינֶֽנּוּ׃ס
Jeremiah 31:15: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:JER:847 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.847/