Jeremiah 31:38 יִרְמְיָהוּ
Who acts: days, LORD · What happens: come, say, build · To what, where: city, tower · Speech: someone speaks in this verse
This is Jeremiah 31:38 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — days, LORD — and what happens in the verse to city, tower, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
הִנֵּ֛ה יָמִ֥ים בָּאִ֖יםנְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וְנִבְנְתָ֤ה הָעִיר֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה מִמִּגְדַּ֥ל חֲנַנְאֵ֖ל שַׁ֥עַר הַפִּנָּֽה׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | הִנֵּ֛ה | הִנֵּה | INTJ | _ | 3 בָּאִ֖ים | discourse | here! |
| 2 | יָמִ֥ים | יוֹם | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 3 בָּאִ֖ים | nsubj | days |
| 3 | בָּאִ֖ים | בּוֹא | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur | root | root | [are] coming |
| 4 | נְאֻם־ | נְאֻם | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 3 בָּאִ֖ים | parataxis | the utterance |
| 5 | יְהוָ֑ה | יהוה | PROPN | _ | 4 נְאֻם־ | compound:smixut | of Yahweh |
| 6 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 7 נִבְנְתָ֤ה | cc | and |
| 7 | נִבְנְתָ֤ה | בָּנָה | VERB | Gender=Fem HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 3 בָּאִ֖ים | conj | it will be rebuilt |
| 8 | הָ | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 9 עִיר֙ | det | the |
| 9 | עִיר֙ | עִיר | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 7 נִבְנְתָ֤ה | nsubj | city |
| 10 | לַֽ | לְ | ADP | _ | 11 יהוָ֔ה | case | for |
| 11 | יהוָ֔ה | יהוה | PROPN | _ | 7 נִבְנְתָ֤ה | obl | Yahweh |
| 12 | מִ | מִן | ADP | _ | 13 מִּגְדַּ֥ל | case | from |
| 13 | מִּגְדַּ֥ל | מִגְדָּל | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 נִבְנְתָ֤ה | obl | the tower |
| 14 | חֲנַנְאֵ֖ל | חֲנַנְאֵל | PROPN | _ | 13 מִּגְדַּ֥ל | compound:smixut | of Hananel |
| 15 | שַׁ֥עַר | שַׁעַר | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 7 נִבְנְתָ֤ה | obl | the gate |
| 16 | הַ | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 17 פִּנָּֽה | det | of |
| 17 | פִּנָּֽה | פִּנָּה | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 15 שַׁ֥עַר | compound:smixut | the corner |
| 18 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 17 פִּנָּֽה | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| בָּאִים [are] coming | participle active · qal | יָמִים days | |||
| נִבְנְתָה it will be rebuilt | weqatal · niphal | יהוָה Yahweh |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Jonathan
הָא יוֹמַיָא אָתָן אֲמַר יְיָ וְתִתְבְּנֵי קַרְתָּא דִירוּשְׁלֵם קֳדָם יְיָ מִמִגְדַל פִּקוּס וְעַד תְּרַע זִוְיָתָא:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:JER:781.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.31.38/