Jeremiah 46:5 יִרְמְיָהוּ

Who acts: I, spears, terror, LORD · What happens: see, dismay, turn, beat down, flee, not look back · To what, where: spears, mighty ones, side · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Jeremiah 46:5 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, spears, terror, LORD — and what happens in the verse to spears, mighty ones, side, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

מַדּ֣וּעַ רָאִ֗יתִי הֵ֣מָּה חַתִּים֮ נְסֹגִ֣ים אָחוֹר֒ וְגִבּוֹרֵיהֶ֣ם יֻכַּ֔תּוּ וּמָנ֥וֹס נָ֖סוּ וְלֹ֣א הִפְנ֑וּ מָג֥וֹר מִסָּבִ֖יב נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃

Wherefore do I see them dismayed and turned backward? and their mighty ones are beaten down, and they are fled apace, and look not back; terror is on every side, saith the LORD.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	מַדּ֣וּעַ	מַדּוּעַ	ADV	_	2 רָאִ֗יתִי	advmod	why?
2	רָאִ֗יתִי	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	root	root	have I seen
3	הֵ֣מָּה	הֵמָּה	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 חַתִּים֮	nsubj	they
4	חַתִּים֮	חַת	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 רָאִ֗יתִי	parataxis	[will be] filled with terror
5	נְסֹגִ֣ים	סוּג	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur	4 חַתִּים֮	parataxis	[they will be] turned back
6	אָחוֹר֒	אָחוֹר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 נְסֹגִ֣ים	obl	backwards
7	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 יֻכַּ֔תּוּ	cc	and
8	גִבּוֹרֵי	גִּבּוֹר	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	10 יֻכַּ֔תּוּ	nsubj	their
9	הֶ֣ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 גִבּוֹרֵי	nmod:poss	warriors
10	יֻכַּ֔תּוּ	כָּתַת	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HOPHAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 רָאִ֗יתִי	conj	they will be crushed
11	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 נָ֖סוּ	cc	and
12	מָנ֥וֹס	מָנוֹס	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 נָ֖סוּ	obl	flight
13	נָ֖סוּ	נוּס	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 רָאִ֗יתִי	conj	they will flee
14	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	16 הִפְנ֑וּ	cc	and
15	לֹ֣א	לֹא	ADV	_	16 הִפְנ֑וּ	advmod	not
16	הִפְנ֑וּ	פָּנָה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	2 רָאִ֗יתִי	conj	they will turn back
17	מָג֥וֹר	מָגוֹר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	19 סָּבִ֖יב	nsubj	terror
18	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	19 סָּבִ֖יב	case	[will
19	סָּבִ֖יב	סָבִיב	ADV	Number=Sing	2 רָאִ֗יתִי	parataxis	be] from round about
20	נְאֻם־	נְאֻם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 רָאִ֗יתִי	parataxis	the utterance
21	יְהוָֽה	יהוה	PROPN	_	20 נְאֻם־	compound:smixut	of Yahweh
22	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	21 יְהוָֽה	punct

Pragmatics

form: wh-question
act: ask
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	what, whom (A1)
רָאִיתִי have I seen	qatal · qal
נְסֹגִים [they will be] turned back	participle active · niphal
יֻכַּתּוּ they will be crushed	yiqtol · hophal	גִבּוֹרֵי their
נָסוּ they will flee	qatal · qal
not הִפְנוּ they will turn back	qatal · hiphil

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

מַה דֵין חֲזֵיתִי אִינוּן תְבִירִין מִסְתַּחֲרִין לַאֲחוֹרָא וְגִבָּרֵיהוֹן תְּבִירִין וּמֶעֱרַק עַרְקִין וְלָא מִתְפְּנָן לְמֵיקָם מִן קֳדָם דְקַטְלִין בְּחַרְבָּא דְמִתְכַּנְשִׁין עֲלֵיכוֹן מִסְחוֹר סְחוֹר אֲמַר יְיָ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Wherefore do I see them dismayed and turned backward? and their mighty ones are beaten down, and they are fled apace, and look not back; terror is on every side, saith the LORD.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JER:1102.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.46.5/