Jeremiah 46:5 · JPS 1917
Wherefore do I see them dismayed and turned backward? and their mighty ones are beaten down, and they are fled apace, and look not back; terror is on every side, saith the LORD.
Who acts: I, spears, terror, LORD · What happens: see, dismay, turn, beat down, flee, not look back · To what, where: spears, mighty ones, side · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Jeremiah 46:5 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, spears, terror, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Wherefore | wherefore | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 see | advmod |
| 2 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 see | aux |
| 3 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 see | nsubj |
| 4 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 see | obj |
| 6 | dismayed | dismay | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 see | xcomp |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 turned | cc |
| 8 | turned | turn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 dismayed | conj |
| 9 | backward | backward | ADV | _ | 8 turned | advmod |
| 10 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 see | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 beaten | cc |
| 12 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 ones | nmod:poss |
| 13 | mighty | mighty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 ones | amod |
| 14 | ones | one | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 beaten | nsubj:pass |
| 15 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 beaten | aux:pass |
| 16 | beaten | beat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 see | conj |
| 17 | down | down | ADP | _ | 16 beaten | compound:prt |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 fled | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 fled | cc |
| 20 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 fled | nsubj:pass |
| 21 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 fled | aux:pass |
| 22 | fled | flee | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 beaten | conj |
| 23 | apace | apace | ADV | _ | 22 fled | advmod |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 look | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 look | cc |
| 26 | look | look | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 22 fled | conj |
| 27 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 26 look | advmod |
| 28 | back | back | ADV | _ | 26 look | advmod |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 34 side | punct |
| 30 | terror | terror | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 side | nsubj |
| 31 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 side | cop |
| 32 | on | on | ADP | _ | 34 side | case |
| 33 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 34 side | det |
| 34 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 see | parataxis |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 saith | punct |
| 36 | saith | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 side | parataxis |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 LORD | det |
| 38 | LORD | LORD | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 saith | nsubj |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 see | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- other
- act
- express
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed form=other, act=express, indirect=0
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | present · do-support | I | spears = spear | wherefore property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | dismay | participle | spears = spear not said here | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 3 | turn | participle | spears = spear not said here | backward property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | beat down | present · passive | spears's mighty ones | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 5 | flee | present · passive | spears = spear | apace property | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Initial_Location | ||||
| 6 | not look back | infinitive | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | ||||||
| 7 | is | present | terror | every side | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | say speech: assert | present | the LORD | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
מַדּ֣וּעַ רָאִ֗יתִי הֵ֣מָּה חַתִּים֮ נְסֹגִ֣ים אָחוֹר֒ וְגִבּוֹרֵיהֶ֣ם יֻכַּ֔תּוּ וּמָנ֥וֹס נָ֖סוּ וְלֹ֣א הִפְנ֑וּ מָג֥וֹר מִסָּבִ֖יב נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃
Jeremiah 46:5: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:JER:1202 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1202/