Jeremiah 49:24 יִרְמְיָהוּ

Who acts: Damascus, trembling, anguish · What happens: be, turn, flee, seize, take, hold · To what, where: Damascus, hold

This is Jeremiah 49:24 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Damascus, trembling, anguish — and what happens in the verse to Damascus, hold, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

רָפְתָ֥ה דַמֶּ֛שֶׂק הִפְנְתָ֥ה לָנ֖וּס וְרֶ֣טֶט ׀ הֶחֱזִ֑יקָה צָרָ֧ה וַחֲבָלִ֛ים אֲחָזַ֖תָּה כַּיּוֹלֵדָֽה׃

Damascus is waxed feeble, she turneth herself to flee, and trembling hath seized on her; anguish and pangs have taken hold of her, as of a woman in travail.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	רָפְתָ֥ה	רָפָה	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it will be disheartened
2	דַמֶּ֛שֶׂק	דַּמֶּשֶׂק	PROPN	_	1 רָפְתָ֥ה	nsubj	Damascus
3	הִפְנְתָ֥ה	פָּנָה	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	1 רָפְתָ֥ה	parataxis	it will turn back
4	לָ	לְ	ADP	_	5 נ֖וּס	case	to
5	נ֖וּס	נוּס	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	3 הִפְנְתָ֥ה	advcl	flee
6	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 הֶחֱזִ֑יקָה	cc	and
7	רֶ֣טֶט	רֶטֶט	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 הֶחֱזִ֑יקָה	nsubj	panic
8	׀	׀	PUNCT	_	7 רֶ֣טֶט	punct
9	הֶחֱזִ֑יקָה	חָזַק	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	1 רָפְתָ֥ה	conj	it will take hold
10	צָרָ֧ה	צָרָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	13 אֲחָזַ֖תּ	nsubj	distress
11	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 חֲבָלִ֛ים	cc	and
12	חֲבָלִ֛ים	חֵבֶל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	10 צָרָ֧ה	conj	labor-pains
13	אֲחָזַ֖תּ	אָחַז	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	1 רָפְתָ֥ה	parataxis	it
14	ָה	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 אֲחָזַ֖תּ	obj	will seize it
15	כַּ	כְּ	ADP	_	17 יּוֹלֵדָֽה	case	like (the)
16	ה	הַ	SCONJ	_	17 יּוֹלֵדָֽה	mark	[woman
17	יּוֹלֵדָֽה	יָלַד	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	13 אֲחָזַ֖תּ	advcl	who] gives birth
18	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	17 יּוֹלֵדָֽה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
רָפְתָה it will be disheartened	qatal · qal	דַמֶּשֶׂק Damascus
הִפְנְתָה it will turn back	qatal · hiphil	דַמֶּשֶׂק Damascus
נוּס flee	infinitive construct · qal	דַמֶּשֶׂק Damascus
הֶחֱזִיקָה it will take hold	qatal · hiphil	דַמֶּשֶׂק Damascus		רֶטֶט panic
אֲחָזַתּ it	qatal · qal	צָרָה distress + חֲבָלִים labor-pains	ָה will seize it

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

אִתְרַשְׁלוּ יַתְבֵי דַמֶשֶׂק אִתְפְּנִיאוּ לְמֵיעֲרָק וְשִׁפְלוּתָא אֵחַדְתִּינוּן עָקָא וְחֶבְלִין אַחְדוּנוּן הָא כְּחֶבְלִין לְיָלַדְתָּא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Damascus is waxed feeble, she turneth herself to flee, and trembling hath seized on her; anguish and pangs have taken hold of her, as of a woman in travail.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JER:1203.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.49.24/