Jeremiah 8:23 יִרְמְיָהוּ
Who acts: head, I · What happens: be, weep · To what, where: waters
This is Jeremiah 8:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — head, I — and what happens in the verse to waters, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
מִֽי־יִתֵּ֤ן רֹאשִׁי֙ מַ֔יִם וְעֵינִ֖י מְק֣וֹר דִּמְעָ֑ה וְאֶבְכֶּה֙ יוֹמָ֣ם וָלַ֔יְלָה אֵ֖ת חַֽלְלֵ֥י בַת־עַמִּֽי׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | מִֽי־ | מִי | PRON | PronType=Int | 2 יִתֵּ֤ן | nsubj | who? |
| 2 | יִתֵּ֤ן | נָתַן | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | root | root | will he give |
| 3 | רֹאשׁ | רֹאשׁ | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 2 יִתֵּ֤ן | obj | head |
| 4 | ִי֙ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 רֹאשׁ | nmod:poss | my |
| 5 | מַ֔יִם | מַיִם | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 2 יִתֵּ֤ן | xcomp | [was] water |
| 6 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 7 עֵינ | cc | and |
| 7 | עֵינ | עַיִן | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 יִתֵּ֤ן | conj | eye |
| 8 | ִ֖י | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 7 עֵינ | nmod:poss | my |
| 9 | מְק֣וֹר | מָקוֹר | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 7 עֵינ | xcomp | [was] a fountain |
| 10 | דִּמְעָ֑ה | דִּמְעָה | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 9 מְק֣וֹר | compound:smixut | of tear[s] |
| 11 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 12 אֶבְכֶּה֙ | cc | and |
| 12 | אֶבְכֶּה֙ | בָּכָה | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1 | 2 יִתֵּ֤ן | conj | I will bewail |
| 13 | יוֹמָ֣ם | יוֹמָם | ADV | _ | 12 אֶבְכֶּה֙ | advmod | by day |
| 14 | וָ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 15 לַ֔יְלָה | cc | and |
| 15 | לַ֔יְלָה | לַיְלָה | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 13 יוֹמָ֣ם | conj | night |
| 16 | אֵ֖ת | אֵת | ADP | _ | 17 חַֽלְלֵ֥י | case | (et) |
| 17 | חַֽלְלֵ֥י | חָלָל | ADJ | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 12 אֶבְכֶּה֙ | obj | [those] slain |
| 18 | בַת־ | בַּת | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 17 חַֽלְלֵ֥י | compound:smixut | of the daughter |
| 19 | עַמּ | עַם | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 18 בַת־ | compound:smixut | my people |
| 20 | ִֽי | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 19 עַמּ | nmod:poss | my |
| 21 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 20 ִֽי | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- wh-question
- act
- ask
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| יִתֵּן will he give | yiqtol · qal | מִֽי־ who? | רֹאשׁ head | ||
| אֶבְכֶּה I will bewail | cohortative · qal | חַֽלְלֵי [those] slain |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Jonathan
מִי יִתֵּן רֵישִׁי כְּנַחַל דְמַיִן וְעֵינַי כְּמַבּוּעָא דְמַעְיָן וְאֶבְכֵּי יְמָם וְלֵילֵי עַל קְטִילֵי כְּנִשְׁתָּא דְעַמִי:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:JER:229.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.8.23/