Joel 2:10 יוֹאֵל

Who acts: earth, heavens, stars, people · What happens: quake, tremble, become, withdraw, shine · To what, where: sun, shining

This is Joel 2:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — earth, heavens, stars, people — and what happens in the verse to sun, shining, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Joel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

לְפָנָיו֙ רָ֣גְזָה אֶ֔רֶץ רָעֲשׁ֖וּ שָׁמָ֑יִם שֶׁ֤מֶשׁ וְיָרֵ֙חַ֙ קָדָ֔רוּ וְכוֹכָבִ֖ים אָסְפ֥וּ נָגְהָֽם׃

Before them the earth quaketh, the heavens tremble; the sun and the moon are become black, and the stars withdraw their shining.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	2 פָנָי	case	before
2	פָנָי	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 רָ֣גְזָה	obl
3	ו֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 פָנָי	nmod:poss	it
4	רָ֣גְזָה	רָגַז	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it trembles
5	אֶ֔רֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 רָ֣גְזָה	nsubj	[the] earth
6	רָעֲשׁ֖וּ	רָעַשׁ	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	4 רָ֣גְזָה	parataxis	they shake
7	שָׁמָ֑יִם	שָׁמַיִם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	6 רָעֲשׁ֖וּ	nsubj	[the] heavens
8	שֶׁ֤מֶשׁ	שֶׁמֶשׁ	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 קָדָ֔רוּ	nsubj	sun
9	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 יָרֵ֙חַ֙	cc	and
10	יָרֵ֙חַ֙	יָרֵחַ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 שֶׁ֤מֶשׁ	conj	moon
11	קָדָ֔רוּ	קָדַר	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	4 רָ֣גְזָה	parataxis	they become dark
12	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	14 אָסְפ֥וּ	cc	and [the]
13	כוֹכָבִ֖ים	כּוֹכָב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	14 אָסְפ֥וּ	nsubj	stars
14	אָסְפ֥וּ	אָסַף	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	4 רָ֣גְזָה	conj	they withdraw
15	נָגְה	נֹגַהּ	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	14 אָסְפ֥וּ	obj	brightness
16	ָֽם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 נָגְה	nmod:poss	their
17	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	16 ָֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
רָגְזָה it trembles	qatal · qal	אֶרֶץ [the] earth
רָעֲשׁוּ they shake	qatal · qal	שָׁמָיִם [the] heavens
קָדָרוּ they become dark	qatal · qal	שֶׁמֶשׁ sun + יָרֵחַ moon
אָסְפוּ they withdraw	qatal · qal	כוֹכָבִים stars	נָגְה brightness

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

קֳדָמוֹהִי חֲרוֹבַת אַרְעָא זָעוּ שְׁמַיָא שִׁמְשָׁא וְסִיהַרָא קָבָלוּ וְכוֹכְבַיָא כְּנָשׁוּ זְהוֹרְהוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Before them the earth quaketh, the heavens tremble; the sun and the moon are become black, and the stars withdraw their shining.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JOL:29.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.2.10/