Joel 3:4 יוֹאֵל
Who acts: great day · What happens: turn, come · To what, where: sun, darkness
This is Joel 3:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — great day — and what happens in the verse to sun, darkness, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Joel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ יֵהָפֵ֣ךְ לְחֹ֔שֶׁךְ וְהַיָּרֵ֖חַ לְדָ֑ם לִפְנֵ֗י בּ֚וֹא י֣וֹם יְהוָ֔ה הַגָּד֖וֹל וְהַנּוֹרָֽא׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | הַ | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 2 שֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ | det | the |
| 2 | שֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ | שֶׁמֶשׁ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 יֵהָפֵ֣ךְ | nsubj | sun |
| 3 | יֵהָפֵ֣ךְ | הָפַךְ | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3 | root | root | it will be changed |
| 4 | לְ | לְ | ADP | _ | 5 חֹ֔שֶׁךְ | case | into |
| 5 | חֹ֔שֶׁךְ | חֹשֶׁךְ | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 3 יֵהָפֵ֣ךְ | obl | darkness |
| 6 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 8 יָּרֵ֖חַ | cc | and |
| 7 | הַ | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 8 יָּרֵ֖חַ | det | the |
| 8 | יָּרֵ֖חַ | יָרֵחַ | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 3 יֵהָפֵ֣ךְ | conj | moon |
| 9 | לְ | לְ | ADP | _ | 10 דָ֑ם | case | into |
| 10 | דָ֑ם | דָּם | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 8 יָּרֵ֖חַ | obl | blood |
| 11 | לִ | לְ | ADP | _ | 12 פְנֵ֗י | case | before |
| 12 | פְנֵ֗י | פָּנֶה | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 יָּרֵ֖חַ | obl | |
| 13 | בּ֚וֹא | בּוֹא | VERB | HebBinyan=QAL | 12 פְנֵ֗י | acl | comes |
| 14 | י֣וֹם | יוֹם | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 13 בּ֚וֹא | nsubj | the day |
| 15 | יְהוָ֔ה | יהוה | PROPN | _ | 14 י֣וֹם | compound:smixut | of Yahweh |
| 16 | הַ | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 17 גָּד֖וֹל | det | (the) |
| 17 | גָּד֖וֹל | גָּדוֹל | ADJ | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 14 י֣וֹם | amod | great |
| 18 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 20 נּוֹרָֽא | cc | and |
| 19 | הַ | הַ | SCONJ | _ | 20 נּוֹרָֽא | mark | (the) |
| 20 | נּוֹרָֽא | יָרֵא | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing | 17 גָּד֖וֹל | conj | awesome |
| 21 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 20 נּוֹרָֽא | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| יֵהָפֵךְ it will be changed | yiqtol · niphal | שֶּׁמֶשׁ sun | |||
| בּוֹא comes | infinitive construct · qal | יוֹם the day | |||
| נּוֹרָֽא awesome | participle active · niphal | יוֹם the day |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Jonathan
שִׁמְשָׁא יִתְהַפָּךְ לְקִבְלָא וְסִהֲרָא לִדְמָא קֳדָם מַיְתֵי יוֹמָא דַעֲתִיד לְמֵיתֵי מִן קֳדָם יְיָ רַבָּא וּדְחִילָא:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:JOL:50.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.3.4/