Joel 4:19 יוֹאֵל

Who acts: Egypt, Edom, Judah · What happens: be, shed · To what, where: desolation, desolate wilderness, innocent blood, land

This is Joel 4:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Egypt, Edom, Judah — and what happens in the verse to desolation, desolate wilderness, innocent blood, land, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Joel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ לִשְׁמָמָ֣ה תִֽהְיֶ֔ה וֶאֱד֕וֹם לְמִדְבַּ֥ר שְׁמָמָ֖ה תִּֽהְיֶ֑ה מֵֽחֲמַס֙ בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־שָׁפְכ֥וּ דָם־נָקִ֖יא בְּאַרְצָֽם׃

Egypt shall be a desolation, and Edom shall be a desolate wilderness, for the violence against the children of Judah, because they have shed innocent blood in their land.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	מִצְרַ֙יִם֙	מִצְרַיִם	PROPN	_	3 שְׁמָמָ֣ה	nsubj	Egypt
2	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	3 שְׁמָמָ֣ה	case	(into) a
3	שְׁמָמָ֣ה	שְׁמָמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	root	root	desolation
4	תִֽהְיֶ֔ה	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	3 שְׁמָמָ֣ה	cop	it will become
5	וֶ	וְ	CCONJ	_	8 מִדְבַּ֥ר	cc	and
6	אֱד֕וֹם	אֱדוֹם	PROPN	_	8 מִדְבַּ֥ר	nsubj	Edom
7	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	8 מִדְבַּ֥ר	case	(into) a
8	מִדְבַּ֥ר	מִדְבָּר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	3 שְׁמָמָ֣ה	conj	wilderness
9	שְׁמָמָ֖ה	שְׁמָמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	8 מִדְבַּ֥ר	compound:smixut	of desolation
10	תִּֽהְיֶ֑ה	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	8 מִדְבַּ֥ר	cop	it will become
11	מֵֽ	מִן	ADP	_	12 חֲמַס֙	case	from
12	חֲמַס֙	חָמָס	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 מִדְבַּ֥ר	obl	the violence
13	בְּנֵ֣י	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	12 חֲמַס֙	compound:smixut	of the people
14	יְהוּדָ֔ה	יְהוּדָה	PROPN	_	13 בְּנֵ֣י	compound:smixut	of Judah
15	אֲשֶׁר־	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	16 שָׁפְכ֥וּ	mark	whom
16	שָׁפְכ֥וּ	שָׁפַךְ	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	3 שְׁמָמָ֣ה	parataxis	they shed
17	דָם־	דָּם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 שָׁפְכ֥וּ	obj	blood
18	נָקִ֖יא	נָקִי	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 דָם־	amod	innocent
19	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	20 אַרְצ	case	in
20	אַרְצ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 שָׁפְכ֥וּ	obl	land
21	ָֽם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 אַרְצ	nmod:poss	their
22	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	21 ָֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
תִֽהְיֶה it will become	yiqtol · qal	מִצְרַיִם Egypt
תִּֽהְיֶה it will become	yiqtol · qal	אֱדוֹם Edom
שָׁפְכוּ they shed	qatal · qal	מִצְרַיִם Egypt + אֱדוֹם Edom	דָם־ blood

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

מִצְרַיִם לְצָדוּ תְהֵי וֶאֱדוֹם לְמִדְבַּר צָרוּ תְּהֵי מֵחֲטוֹף בְּנֵי יְהוּדָה דְאַשְׁדוּ דַם זַכַּאי בְּאַרְעֲהוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Egypt shall be a desolation, and Edom shall be a desolate wilderness, for the violence against the children of Judah, because they have shed innocent blood in their land.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JOL:70.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.4.19/