Jonah 1:4 יוֹנָה
Who acts: LORD, mighty tempest, ship · What happens: hurl, be, break · To what, where: great wind, sea
This is Jonah 1:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, mighty tempest, ship — and what happens in the verse to great wind, sea, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Jonah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
וַֽיהוָ֗ה הֵטִ֤יל רֽוּחַ־גְּדוֹלָה֙ אֶל־הַיָּ֔ם וַיְהִ֥י סַֽעַר־גָּד֖וֹל בַּיָּ֑ם וְהָ֣אֳנִיָּ֔ה חִשְּׁבָ֖ה לְהִשָּׁבֵֽר׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | וַֽ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 3 הֵטִ֤יל | cc | and |
| 2 | יהוָ֗ה | יהוה | PROPN | _ | 3 הֵטִ֤יל | nsubj | Yahweh |
| 3 | הֵטִ֤יל | טוּל | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3 | root | root | he hurled |
| 4 | רֽוּחַ־ | רוּחַ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 הֵטִ֤יל | obj | a wind |
| 5 | גְּדוֹלָה֙ | גָּדוֹל | ADJ | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 4 רֽוּחַ־ | amod | great |
| 6 | אֶל־ | אֶל | ADP | _ | 8 יָּ֔ם | case | to |
| 7 | הַ | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 8 יָּ֔ם | det | the |
| 8 | יָּ֔ם | יָם | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 3 הֵטִ֤יל | obl | sea |
| 9 | וַ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 10 יְהִ֥י | cc | and |
| 10 | יְהִ֥י | הָיָה | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 3 הֵטִ֤יל | conj | it was |
| 11 | סַֽעַר־ | סַעַר | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 10 יְהִ֥י | nsubj | a storm |
| 12 | גָּד֖וֹל | גָּדוֹל | ADJ | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 11 סַֽעַר־ | amod | great |
| 13 | בַּ | בְּ | ADP | _ | 15 יָּ֑ם | case | on |
| 14 | ה | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 15 יָּ֑ם | det | the |
| 15 | יָּ֑ם | יָם | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 10 יְהִ֥י | obl | sea |
| 16 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 19 חִשְּׁבָ֖ה | cc | and |
| 17 | הָ֣ | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 18 אֳנִיָּ֔ה | det | the |
| 18 | אֳנִיָּ֔ה | אֳנִיָּה | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 19 חִשְּׁבָ֖ה | nsubj | ship |
| 19 | חִשְּׁבָ֖ה | חָשַׁב | VERB | Gender=Fem HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3 | 3 הֵטִ֤יל | conj | it thought |
| 20 | לְ | לְ | ADP | _ | 21 הִשָּׁבֵֽר | case | to |
| 21 | הִשָּׁבֵֽר | שָׁבַר | VERB | HebBinyan=NIPHAL | 19 חִשְּׁבָ֖ה | advcl | be broken |
| 22 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 21 הִשָּׁבֵֽר | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- speech
- narration
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| הֵטִיל he hurled | qatal · hiphil | רֽוּחַ־ a wind | יהוָה Yahweh | ||
| יְהִי it was | wayyiqtol · qal | סַֽעַר־ a storm | |||
| חִשְּׁבָה it thought | qatal · piel | אֳנִיָּה ship | |||
| הִשָּׁבֵֽר be broken | infinitive construct · niphal | אֳנִיָּה ship |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Jonathan
וַיָי אֲרִים רוּחַ רַב עַל יַמָא וַהֲוָה נַחְשׁוֹל רַב בָּיַמָא וְאִילְפָא בָּעֲיָא לְאִתַּבְּרָא:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:JON:3.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.1.4/